Flashcards in Glaciation Deck (13)
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1
What is the Glacial Budget?
Zone of Ablation - output greater than input, melting
Accumulation - input > output, advancing
2
What is a warm based glacier?
Temperature fluctuates between summer and winter. Basal sliding occurs and is generally found in temperate environments.
3
what is a cold based glacier?
With increasing depth, it will reach PMP, the base will be warmer. However, it remains frozen s base sliding will not occur. Generally found in polar regions.
4
What is internal Deformation?
When ice crystals are moved/side over each other as he result of glacial weight/gravity. Will slide in the direction of ice flow. Occurs in cold based glaciers.
5
What is extensional flow?
It causes thinning of surface and creates crevasses.
6
What is compressional flow?
Ice is thickened which can cause greater erosion.
7
What is Nivation?
The localised erosion of a slope, with solifluction and freeze thaw creating a Neve and eventually a Firn.
8
Erosional Landforms?
- Corries - Rouche Mountonee
- Arête - Hanging Valley
- Pyramidal Peak
9
Depositional Landform?
Drumlins
10
Case Study; ALASKA
Adaptations?
- Buildings elevated above ground
- Emergency 7 day plan, food for 40,000 (resilience)
- Emergency Batteries and Generators
- Utillidors (Alaskan Pipeline) (mitigation)
11
Case Study; ALASKA
Challenges?
- Short summer/ long winter
- Low productivity
- Remove areas
- Thawing
- Low temps
- Seasonal jobs
12
Case Study; ALASKA
Opportunities?
- Permafrost, act as a building base
- Abundant in minerals (economic prosperity)
- Oil/Gas, $14b to state economy
- Hydroelectric/ Geothermic power
- Tourism, 2 million tourist per year
- Fishing, employs 79 000 and contributes $2.2b to economy
13
