Glaciers

Question 1

Striations

Answer 1

Long, parallel scratches left on rocks and bedrock by glacial movement
Can tell the direction of glacier movement from them

Question 2

Glacial valleys

Answer 2

V shaped valley formed by erosion
Sedimentary rock, hills, but mostly very flat
Fertile farm land
Tectonics affect it

Question 3

Arête

Answer 3

Sharp divide that separates to adjoining cirques

Question 4

Crevasses

Answer 4

Great fissure/crack in glacier

Question 5

Cirque

Answer 5

Semicircular basin found at head of a glacial valley formed by a valleyglacier

Question 6

Drifts

Answer 6

All material of glacial origin (found anywhere)

Erosion, transport, deposit by glaciers

Question 7

Drumlins

Answer 7

Long, smooth, egg shaped hill usually found in groups, shaped by an advancing glacier
Layered
Rock/glacial tills
Surrounded by bogs/swamps
1-2km long
400-600m wide
15-30m high
Composition varies

Question 8

Eskers

Answer 8

Long, winding ridge formed when sand and gravel fill meltwater tunnels beneath a glacier 
Ridges of sand and gravel
Hundreds of kms
Gravel is rich (used to build stuff)
Show direction of motion 
(The drugs drawing)

Question 9

Erratics

Answer 9

Large Boulder that has been transported into an area by a glacier

Question 10

Horns

Answer 10

Pyramid shaped peak formed when three or more cirques meet

Question 11

Kettle lakes

Answer 11

A kettle filled with water

Question 12

Kettles

Answer 12

Bowl-like hollow in deposits of glacial outwash; formed by the melting of a large block of ice left behind by a glacier
Some partially buried (sediment flowing down)
Some completely buried (sediment collapsing)

Question 13

Kames

Answer 13

Small
Come shaped
Sand and gravel
Water pulling it off the surface
(Unwanted dirt drawing)

Question 14

Moraine

Answer 14

Deposit of till left behind when a glacier retreats
Has forests
Wetlands
Streams
Vegetation
Aquifer
Woodelts
(Burn drawing)

Question 15

Outwash plains

Answer 15

Broad, stratified gently sloping deposit of sediment formed beyond the terminal moraine by streams from a melting glacier
Flat stuff in front of a glacier

Question 16

Plucking

Answer 16

Phenomenon responsible for erosion and transportation of individual pieces of bedrock
Valley glaciers

Question 17

Till

Answer 17

Unsorted and unstratified Rock material deposited directly by glacial ice

Question 18

Glacier

Answer 18

Large mass of compacted snow and ice that moves under the force of gravity

Question 19

How do glaciers form?

Answer 19

More snow falls than melts

Question 20

Firn

Answer 20

Granular snow on the upper part of a glacier that has not yet been compressed into ice

Question 21

Valley glacier

Answer 21

Within valley walls
Go downhill because gravity
In mountains
May be <2km or >100km
Hundreds of m thick
Create glacial valleys and cirques

Question 22

Continental glacier

Answer 22

Covers large part of continent
Form because more snow falls than melts
Thousands of m thick
3km thick
1.7km^2 in area
Create round peaks

Question 23

Ice cap

Answer 23

A glacier < 50 000 km^2 in area

Question 24

How do glaciers move

Answer 24

Plastic flow

Question 25

What part of a glacier moves the faster

Answer 25

Surface and centre | Bottom is slush (ice melts and refreezes)

Question 26

Basal slip

Answer 26

Meltwater between glacier bottom and surface | Makes less friction so glacier moves faster

Question 27

Plastic flow

Answer 27

Ice grains deform, can be almost flat and slide past each other Creates forward movement

Question 28

Ice front

Answer 28

Ice melting at end of glacier

Question 29

Connection between icebergs and glaciers

Answer 29

Glaciers become icebergs

Question 30

When did the Great Lakes form

Answer 30

10 000 years ago

Question 31

Why are the Great Lake basins so deep

Answer 31

They don't drain into the sea (so they erode the bottom of the basins)

Question 32

How deep are the Great Lake basins

Answer 32

Well below sea level (164m, 52m, 105m, 215m)

Question 33

Michigan and Huron formation

Answer 33

Selective erosion of weak rock layers | Also same as Lake Ontario - but they were connected and going through different isostatic rebound

Question 34

Ontario and Erie formation

Answer 34

St Lawrence River stuff Laurentide ice sheet Ordovician shales (soft)

Question 35

Superior formation

Answer 35

Mid-continent rift

Question 36

Warsaw

Answer 36

Fissure caves

Question 37

Fissure caves

Answer 37

Large caves underground with collapsed roofs | Large limestone blocks tilting down into the collapsed caverns

Question 38

How were drumlins made?

Answer 38

``` Who knowsssss -close to ice margins? -same time under ice sheet swathes? -2-stage: fluvially-deposited A good theory: explains full range of observations, variations in shape/scale/composition ```

Question 39

Glacial lake Algonquin and Iroquois

Answer 39

Giant lakes where the Great Lakes are now | They drained and that's how we have the lakes we have today and y'know all the other cool stuff

Question 40

Karst topography

Answer 40

A landscape characterized by numerous caves, sinkholes, fissures, underground streams

Question 41

Roches moutonnés

Answer 41

Small, bare outcrop of rock shaped by glacial erosion, with one side smooth and gently sloping and the other steep, rough, irregular