lacrimal glands produce less lacrimal fluid
dry eye syndrome(DES)
passageway to carry the secretion from the exocrine gland to the location where it will be used
duct
type of gland without a dect, with the secretion being poured directly into vascular system, which then carries the secretion to the region in which it is to be used
endocrine gland
type of gland with an associated duct that serves as a passageway for the secretion so that it can be emptied directly into the location where the secretion is to be used
exocrine gland
structure that produces a chemical secretion necessary for normal body functioning
gland
in the head and neck area, it includes lacrimal, salivary, thyroid, parathyroid, and thyms
glandular tissue
enlarged thyroid gland due to a disease process
goiter
reduced saliva production by salivary glands
hyposalivation
contagious viral infection that usually involves both parotid salivary glandss
mumps
formation of stone within a salivary gland
salivary stone
dry mouth
xerostomia
which system? pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes,thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus, adrenal glands
endocrine
which system? sweat glands, lacrimal glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, liver
exocrine gland
the two parts of the lacrimal gland
orbital, palpebral
secretes tears to lubricate the eyes, ducts drain tears to the eye
lacrimal gland
pathway of lacrimal gland
lacrimal puncta (sup and inf) lacrimal canaliculi nasolacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct inferior nasal meatus
location of lacrimal gland
lacrimal fossa or frontal bone
innervation of lacrimal gland
parasym from greater petrosal nerve which comes from cn7; travels with lacrimal nerve
blood supply for lacrimal gland
lacrimal artery
lymphatics for lacrimal gland
superficial parotid nodes
what are the major salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
minor salivary glands are what?
smaller, but more frequent(600-1000) 1mm-5mm
what is saliva composed of?
mucous
serous fluid-proteins
humans can produce up to how much saliva a day?
2 L
what is the largest gland?
parotid
how much saliva does parotid provide?
25% of total saliva
made up of purely serous secretion
parotid
what are the lobes of parotid
superficial and deep lobe
what are the lobes of the parotid divided by?
divided by facial nerve
parotid duct also called what
stensons duct
emerges in anterior part of gland, travels around masseter to pierce through buccinator
parotid duct
lateral to Max 2nd molar
parotid duct
location of parotid gland
lateral and posterior to the mandible; anterior and inferior from EAC
innervation of parotid
parasym from Glossopharyngeal travels with auriculotemporal nerve
blood supply for parotid
external carotid artery
lymphatics for parotid
deep parotid nodes
2nd largest gland and provides 60-65% of total salivary volume
submandibular gland
what does subman secrete
mixed secretions- mucous and serous
what is the most common gland to have stone formation?
submandibular
submandibular also called
whartons duct
emerges from gland and travels around posterior edge of mylohyoid; travels anteriorly in floor of the mouth very close to lingual nerve; empties at papilla(sublingal caruncle) near midline of FOM
submandibular duct
location of subman
submandibular space; inferior to mandible
innervation of subman
parasym from chorda tympani nerve; travels with lingual nerve
blood supply for subman
facial and lingual arteries
lymphatics for subman
submandibular nodes
smallest major gland and diffuse in floor of mouth
sublingual
which gland is nonencapsulated?
sublingual
sublingual provides how much of total salivary volume
10%
what kind of secretion does sublingual gland secrete
mixed; mucous and serous but mostly mucous
sublingual duct also called what
bartholin duct
empties at papilla(sublingual caruncle) near midline of FOM; other small ducts open along sublingual fold
sublingual gland
location of sublingual gland
sublingual space; floor of mouth
innervation of sublingual gland
parasympathetics from chorda tympani nerve; travels with lingual nerve
blood supply for sublingual
sublingual arteries
lymphatics for sublingual
submandibular nodes
minor salivary glands
buccal labial lingual hard and soft palate floor of mout
minor salivary glands secrete
mixed secretions; mostly mucous
small short ducts; minor glands at base of circumvallate
von ebner glands
innervation of minor salivary glands
cn vii facial
mucous retention cyst; obstructed or ruptured salivary gland duct; swelling of minor gland; caused by trauma usually
mucocele
not a true cyst
mucocele
treatment for mucocele
removal
mucocele of floor of mouth; most commonly from sublingual gland
ranula(belly of frog); common in kids
tx for ranula
removal of gland
formation of salivary stones; most commonly from the submandibular gland
sialolithiasis
sialolith means
one stone
tx of sialolithiasis
removal of stone and sometimes gland
largest endocrine gland
thyroid gland
what does thyroid gland secrete
t3, thyroxine, calcitonin; has two lobes separated by an isthmus
innervation of thyroid gland
cervical sym ganglion
blood supply of thyroid
sup and inf thyroid arteries
lymphatics of thyroid
superior deep cervical nodes
enlargement of thyroid gland; most caused by iodine deficiencies
goiter
4 small endocrine glands on posterior of thyroid
parathyroid glands
parathyroid hormones
affects calcium and phosphorus( parathyroid hormone)
innervation of parathyroid
cervical symp ganglion
blood supply of parathyroid
inferior thyroid arteries
lymphatics for parathyroid
superior deep cervical nodes
specialized gland of the immune system; maturation of T-cells
thymus
location of thymus
thorax behind superior portion of sternum
present at birth and grows till puberty; atrophies as a adult
thymus
most common sites of salivary gland tumors
parotid gland
minor salivary gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
parotid gland tumors make up how much of all cases with how many of those being malignant
64-80%; 15-32%
minor salivary gland tumors make up how much of all cases and almost_____ of those are malignant
9-23%;;;;;50%
most common site of minor salivary gland tumor
palate
upper lip
buccal
retromolar
most common benign tumor of all salivary glands; mixture of ductal and myoepithelial elements
pleomorphic adenoma
most common between ages ______ with a slightly more common in ____ for pleomorphic adenoma
30-50; females(4:3)
tx for pleomorphic adenoma; parotid
excision without enucleation to prevent seeding
2nd most common benign tumor of parotid
warthin tumor
smokes have an 8x greater risk of developing; ages 55-65; males 5:1
warthin tumor
usually in tail of parotid; bilateral; slow growing, painless, nodular lesion
warthin tumor
tx for warthin tumor
excision with or without superficial parotidectomy
most common malignant tumor making up 10% of all major gland tumors and 15-21% of all minor gland tumors
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
around what ages and gender do people get mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
20-60; even sex distribution and most common in the parotid
usually presents as asymptomatic swelling of parotid or palate but pain and facial nerve palsy do occur
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
how much of all tumors are in the parotid
3/4 and 3/4 of those are benign
the smaller the gland the more likely the tumor is
malignant
most common benign tumor
pleomorphic adenoma
most common malignant tumor
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
most common bilateral tumor
warthin tumor
upper lip =
tumor
lower lip=
mucocele