Glands and Hormones of the Endocrine System - 13.1

Question 1

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 1

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood

Question 2

What does the hypothalamus secrete?

Answer 2

Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormone

Question 3

What affects does the hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormone have?

Answer 3

Regulates the anterior pituitary system hormones

Question 4

What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 4

• Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Prolactin (PRL)

Question 5

What effects does the human growth hormone have on the target tisseu/organ?

Answer 5

• stimulates cell division
• stimulates bone and muscle growth
• stimulates metabolic functions

Question 6

What effects does thyroid stimulating hormone have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 6

• stimulates the thyroid gland

Question 7

What effects does adrenocorticotropic hormone have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 7

• stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Question 8

What effects does follicle stimulating hormone have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 8

• stimulates the production of ova in the ovaries
• stimulates the production of sperm in the testes

Question 9

What effects does luteinizing hormone have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 9

• stimulates the sex hormone production from the ovaries and testes

Question 10

What effects does prolactin have on target tissues and organs?

Answer 10

• stimulates milk production from the mammary glands

Question 11

What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 11

• antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• oxytocin (OCT)

Question 12

What effects does antidiuretic hormone have on target tissues/glands?

Answer 12

• promotes the retention of water by the kidneys

Question 13

What effect does oxytocin have on target tissues/glands?

Answer 13

• stimulates uterine muscle contractions and the release of milk by the mammary glands

Question 14

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

Answer 14

• thyroxine (t4)
• calcitonin

Question 15

What effects does thyroxine have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 15

• affects all tissues
• increases metabolic rate and regulates growth and development

Question 16

What effects does calcitonin have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 16

• targets bones to lower blood calcium from bone
• targets kidneys for reabsorption of calcium by kidneys

Question 17

What hormones does parathyroid stimulate?

Answer 17

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 18

What effects does parathyroid hormone have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 18

• raises blood calcium levels by stimulating the bone cells to release calcium
• kidneys reabsorb calcium, activating Vitamin D
• Vitamin D stimulates the intestine to absorb calcium from food

Question 19

What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 19

• Glucocorticoids: cortisol
• Mineralocorticoids: aldosterone
• Gonacorticoids

Question 20

What effects does glucocorticoids have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 20

They stimulate the tissues to raise blood glucose and break down protein - increases blood sugar

Question 21

What effects does mineralocorticoids have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 21

Promote reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys

Question 22

What effects does gonadocorticoids have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 22

Promote secondary sexual characteristics

Question 23

What hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 23

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 24

What effect does epinephrine and norepinephrine have on target tissues/cells?

Answer 24

Fight or flight hormones

Raise blood glucose levels

Question 25

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 25

Insulin and glucagon

Question 25

What effects does insulin have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 25

Reduces blood glucose levels and promotes the formation of glycogen in the liver

Question 25

What effect does glucagon have on target tissues/organs?

Answer 25

Raises blood glucose levels

Question 26

What hormones does the ovaries secrete?

Answer 26

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 27

What effects does estrogen have on target organs/tissues?

Answer 27

- stimulates uterine lining growth - promotes the development of the female secondary characteristics

Question 28

What effects does progesterone have on target organs and tissues?

Answer 28

Promotes the growth of uterine lining growth and prevents uterine muscle contractions.

Question 29

What hormones does the testes secrete?

Answer 29

Testosterone

Question 30

What effect does testosterones have on target glands and tissues?

Answer 30

Promotes sperm formation Promotes the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics