GLANDS, EPIDERMIS, SKIN, CANCER, BURNS (Test #1) Flashcards
(47 cards)
Endocrine Glands
ductless, secrete directly into surrounding tissue fluid
-produce messenger molecules called hormones
Exocrine Glands
produce secretions carried outside of the body (or into lumen of gut)
Secretion
process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion
Connective Tissue
most diverse and abundant tissue main classes: -connective tissue proper -cartilage -bone tissue -blood CT is vascularized and innervated
Extracellular Matrix
composed of ground substance and fibers
Fibers
Function in support of CT
Collagen Fibers
Strongest, resist tension
Reticular Fibers
Bundles of special type of collagen
-cover and support lymphoid organs
Elastic Fibers
contain elastin
recoil after stretching
Emphysema
in scar tissue, elastic fibers replaced by inelastic collagen
Areolar Connective Tissue
gel-like matrix w/ all 3 fiber types
wraps and cushions organs, it’s macrophages phagocytize bacteria, plays important role in inflammation, holds and conveys tissue fluid
widely distributed under epithelia of body; ex. surrounds capillaries, packages organs
Elastic Connective Tissue
Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers
allows recoil of tissue following stretching, flow of blood thru arteries, aids passive recoil of lungs when you breathe
Walls of large arteries, within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column, within walls of bronchial tubes
Cartilage
Firm, flexible tissue
contains no blood vessels or nerves
matrix contains up to 80% water
cell type-chondrocyte
Hyaline Cartilage
firm matrix, CHONDRoblasts produce the matrix
supports and reinforces
forms most of embryonic skeleton, covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities, forms costal cartilages of the ribs, cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larnyx
Elastic Cartilage
similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix
maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
supports the external ear
Fibrocartilage
matrix similar to but less firm than hyaline cart.; thick collagen fibers predominate
tensile strength w/ the ability to absorb compressive shock
intervertebral discs, public symphysis, discs of the knee joint
Skin Structure
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Layers of Epidermis
STRATUM:
basale, spinosum, granlosum, lucidum, corneum
4 MAIN CELL TYPES in Epidermis
keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells, dendritic cells
Keratinocytes
Most abundant cell type in epidermis
-produce keratin, antibodies, and enzymes
-dead at skins surface
Location-stratum spinosum; produce keratin a fibrous protein that resists abrasion and penetration
Melanocytes
Location- basal layer; manufacture and secrete pigment
Tactile Epithelial Cells
Location-basal layer; attached to sensory nerve endings
Dendritic Cells
Location-stratum spinosum; part of immune system; macrophage-like (professional eaters)
Keratin
Tough fibrous protein
