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Special Pops Exam 1 > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Optic neuropathy characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells

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2
Q

An increase in what damages the optic nerve?

A

Increase intraocular pressure

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3
Q

Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness for people at what age?

A

> 60 years

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4
Q

A chronic progressive optic nerve neuropathy in adults where the condition is associated with an open anterior chamber angle by gonioscopy

A

Primary open angle glaucoma

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5
Q

What are 8 risk factors of POAG?

A
  1. High IOP
  2. Older age
  3. Family history of glaucoma
  4. African race
  5. Latino/Hispanic ethnicity
  6. Thinner central cornea
  7. Myopia
  8. T2D
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6
Q

What are the 4 screenings for glaucoma?

A
  1. Goldmann applanation tonometry
  2. Gonioscopy
  3. Pachymetry
  4. Biomicroscope with ancillary lens
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7
Q

What is the normal range for IOP?

A

11-21 mmHg

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8
Q

What pressure does IOP need to be at for optic nerve damage to occur?

A

> 21 mmHg

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9
Q

How much should you lower IOP by to slow the progression of IOP?

A

25%

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10
Q

BIMATOPROST

A

LUMIGAN

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11
Q

BIMATOPROST IMPLANT

A

DURYSTA

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12
Q

LATANOPROST

A

XALATAN; XELPROS

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13
Q

TAFLUPROST

A

ZIOPTAN

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14
Q

TRAVOPROST

A

TRAVATAN

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15
Q

TRAVOPROST IMPLANT

A

iDOSE TR

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16
Q

UNOPROSTONE

A

RESCULA

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17
Q

LANTANOPROSTENE BUNOD

A

VYZULTA

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18
Q

What is the MOA of the prostaglandin analogs?

A

Increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor

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19
Q

How much do the prostaglandin analogs decrease IOP?

A

By 25-30%

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20
Q

How often are the prostaglandin analogs dosed?

A

Once a day

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21
Q

What are the 6 prostaglandin analogs?

A
  1. Bimatoprost
  2. Latanoprost
  3. Travaprost
  4. Tafluprost
  5. Unoprostone
  6. Latanoprost bunod
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22
Q

What are 4 side effects of the prostaglandin analogs?

A
  1. Increased brown pigmentation of the iris
  2. Increased number, thickness, curvature, and pigmentation of eyelashes
  3. Ocular pruritis/dryness/blurring
  4. Eyelid erythema
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23
Q

Nitric oxide-donating prostaglandin analog

A

Latanoprost bunod

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24
Q

What are the 2 moieties that come from the metabolism of latanoprost bunod?

A
  1. Latanoprost acid
  2. Butanediol mononitrate
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25
What prostaglandin analog can be implanted?
Bimatoprost implant
26
How long does bimatoprost reduce IOP?
15 weeks
27
What prostaglandin analog is anchored in trabecular meshwork in the sclera wall?
Travoprost implant
28
When is the TRAVOPROST implant replaced?
Every 4-5 years
29
What is the MOA of the beta blockers?
Decrease aqueous humor production
30
How much do the beta blockers decrease IOP by?
20-30%
31
Which beta blocker is the best at decreasing IOP?
Timolol
32
When are beta blockers best used in treatment?
As add on therapy for patient on a PG analog
33
How often are the beta blockers dosed?
Twice a day
34
What are the 2 side effects seen with the beta blockers?
1. Exacerbation of chronic obstructive airway diseases or bronchispasms 2. Burning and stinging upon application
35
BETAXOLOL
BETOPTIC S
36
TIMOLOL
TIMOPTIC
37
LEVOBUNOLOL
BETAGAN
38
METIPRANOLOL
OPTIPRANOLOL
39
CARTEOLOL
OCUPRESS
40
BETAXOLOL
BETOPTIC S
41
TIMOLOL
TIMOPTIC
42
LEVOBUNOLOL
BETAGAN
43
METIPRANOLOL
OPTIPRANOLOL
44
CARTEOLOL
OCUPRESS
45
What is the MOA for the PG analogs?
Increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor
46
What screening test is used to check IOP?
Goldmann applanation tonometry
47
What are 4 ADRs of the PG analogs?
1. Increased brown pigmentation of the iris 2. Increased number, thickness, curvature, and pigmentation of eyelashes 3. Ocular pruritis/dryness/blurring 4. Eyelid erythema
48
What are the 2 moieties of latanoprostene bunod?
1. Latanoprost acid 2. Butanediol mononitrate
49
What beta blocker is cardio selective?
BETAXOLOL
50
What is the MOA of the alpha 2 agonists?
1. Decrease aqueous humor production 2. Increase outflow
51
What is the preferred alpha 2 agonist?
Brimonidine
52
Why is apraclonidine not used?
Has allergic potential
53
How often are the alpha 2 agonists dosed?
Three times a day
54
What are 5 SEs of the alpha 2 agonists?
1. Tearing 2. Foreign body sensation 3. Ocular inflammation 4. Dry mouth 5. Altered taste
55
What are the two topical carbonic a hydrate inhibitors?
1. Brinzolamide 2. Dorzolamide
56
What are the 2 alpha 2 agonists?
1. Apraclonidine 2. Brimonidine
57
APRACLONIDINE
IOPIDINE
58
BRIMONIDINE
ALPHAGAN P
59
BRINZOLAMIDE
AZOPT
60
DORZOLAMIDE
TRUSOPT
61
What are the 2 oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
1. Acetazolamide 2. Methazolamide
62
ACETAZOLAMIDE
DIAMOX
63
METHAZOLAMIDE
NEPTAZANE
64
What is the MOA of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Decrease the secretion of aqueous humor by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the colliery body
65
What carbonic anhydrase formulation should be used first?
Topical
66
What are the rho kinase inhibitors?
Netarsudil
67
Netarsudil
Rhopressa
68
What are the 3 MOAs of rhopressa?
1. Lowers the resistance to outflow through the trabecular meshwork 2. Decreases production of aqueous fluid 3. Decreases episcleral venous pressure
69
How is the rho kinase inhibitor dosed?
One drop once daily in the evening
70
What are the 3 mitotics?
1. Pilocarpine 2. Carbachol 3. Echothiphate iodide
71
PILOCARPINE
ISOPTO CARPINE
72
CARBACHOL
Miostat
73
ECHOTHIOPHATE IODIDE
Phospholine iodide
74
What is the MOA of the mitotics?
Increase outflow of aqueous humor through trabecular meshwork
75
What can the mitotics cause?
Pupil constriction
76
What are the 3 mitotics side effects?
1. Brow ache 2. Myopia 3. Decreased vision in low light
77
When is a tranecubectomy considered?
When 2 or more agents fail to control increasing IOPs
78
What may develop after getting a trabeculectomy?
Cataracts
79
What is closed angle glaucoma treatment considered as?
A medical emergency
80
What 3 things can effect IOP?
1. Anterior chamber angle 2. Trabecular meshwork patency 3. Cilliary body activity

Special Pops Exam 1 (5 decks)

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