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Duke Elder > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Glaucoma is a condition of the

A

optic nerve

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2
Q

pars pana and pars plicata are parts of the

A

ciliary body

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3
Q

parts of the ciliary body

A

pars plana and pars plicata

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4
Q

what produces aqueous humour

A

pars plicata of ciliary body

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5
Q

most humour drains through

A

trabecular outflow

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6
Q

traberular outflow involves

A

trabecular meshwork, schlemm’s canal, episcleral veins

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7
Q

minority of humour drains through

A

uveoscreal output

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8
Q

uveoscleral output involves

A

humour passes through the ciliary muscle to the suprachoroidal space, choroidal veins

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9
Q

what increses uveoscleral outflow

A

prostaglandin analogues

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10
Q

humour secretion controlled by

A

sympathetics

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11
Q

b2 receptos

A

increase secretion

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12
Q

a2 recepors

A

decrease secretion

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13
Q

normal IOP

A

> 10 >21 mmHg

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14
Q

ocular hypertension is

A

IOP >21 but no glaucomatous sign

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15
Q

proportion of people with ocular hypertension that g on to develop OAG

A

9.5%

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16
Q

risk factors for conversion from ocular hypertension into OAG

A

older age, higher IOP, large cup:disc ratio, thinner CCT, african-american origin, myopia, males, heart disease

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17
Q

fundoscopy findings in POAG

A

higher cup:disc ratio, neuroretinal rim thinning

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18
Q

pachymetry measures

A

CCT

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19
Q

why measure CCT with pachymetry

A

> CCT increases risk of POAG

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20
Q

perimetry

A

visual field testing

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21
Q

wiggly fingers

A

visual field with confrontation

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22
Q

flashing dots pt clicks when they see them (like at the opticians)

A

Humphrey analyser

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23
Q

POAG medical tx

A

IOP lowering agents eg a agonists, b blockers, CAIs

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24
Q

POAG laser tx

A

argon laser treatment

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25
POAG surgical tx
trabeculotomy, MIGS
26
trabeculotomy
flap in sclera, humour sits in bleb. can scar
27
normal tension glaucoma assic
Japanese, raynauds, migraines, hypotension
28
normal tension glaucoma tx
monitor (50% dont develop visual field defects at 5 years). or prostaglandin analogues
29
adv of prostaglandin analogues
IOP control at night b blockers cause hypotension low SEs once daily
30
primary angle closure glaucoma assoc
hypermetropics, short axial length, far eastern race, increasing age
31
primary angle closure suspect
small angle but no changes/synechiae
32
primary angle closure
synechiae +/- raised IOP
33
PACG
PAS + IOP + glaucomatous changes and visual field defects
34
relative pupillary block worst position
mid-dilated pupil | max contact between iris and lens
35
relaive pupillary block is..
humour cant pass through pupil, iris bends forwards under pressure bilaterally, closing angle
36
PACG features
blurring, pain, headache, vomiting, haloes, visual loss
37
PACG exacerbated by
dim light, reading
38
PACG acutte signs
mid-dilated pupil, corneal oedema, conjunctival hyperaemia
39
PACG resolved signs
descemet membrane folds, glaukomflecken ant cataracts
40
PACG mx acute
supine, systemic acetazolamide, b blockers, a agonists, prostaglandin analogues, mannitol, steroids
41
mannitol moa
shrinks viterous
42
PACG tx definitive
YAG laser peripheral iridotomy
43
catarct extraction may...
lower IOP
44
pseudoexfoliation syndrome
grey-white fibrillar deposts block ant chamber
45
Pseudoex syndrome assoc
hearing loss, alz disease, high plasma homocysteine levels
46
Pseudoex syndrome features
sampolesi line on gonioscopy | peripupillary defect on transillumination slit lamp
47
HLA BW5
posner schlossman syndrome
48
causes of 2˚ OAG
posner-schlossman, pseudoex syndrome, phacolytic, phacomorphic, red cell, angle-recession, pigment dispersion, neuvascular
49
assoc with hearing loss, alz disease, high homocysteine levelsq
pseudoex syndrome
50
glaukonflecken
PACG (acute)
51
descemet membrane folds
PACG (resolved)
52
conjunctival hyperaemia
PACG (resolved)
53
sampaolesi line
pseudoex syndrome
54
assoc raynauds, japanese, migraines, hypotension
normal tension glacoma
55
recurrent unilateral acute attacks of raised IOP
posner-schlossman syndrome
56
CMV, H pylori, HLA BW5
posner-schlossman
57
Features of posner schlossman
discomfort, haloes, blurring, anterior chamber inflammation, mydriasis
58
posner schlossman tx
topical b blockers or CAI | topical steroids
59
phacolytic glaucoma
hypermature cataract denatues and lens leaks proteins causing TM obstruction
60
phacolytic glaucoma tx
IOP lowering agents, cataract removal
61
phacomorphic glaucoma
swelling of cataractous lens --> pupillary block
62
red cell glaucoma
trauma causing red blood cell build up in ant chamber leading to blockage
63
red cell glaucoma signs
visible blood in ant chamber on slit lamp exam
64
what can happen 3-7 days post-injury in red cell glaucoma
secondary bleed
65
angle recession glaucoma
rupture of ciliary body by trauma
66
what is the risk of glaucoma after rupture of ciliary body
10%
67
irregular widening of the face of the ciliar body on gonioscopy
angle recession glaucoma
68
pigment dispersion syndrome
excessive shedding of pigmented material of iris deposited throughout the ant segment
69
inheritance of pigment dispersion syndrome
AD
70
risk factors for pigment dispersion syndrome
myopia and males
71
blurred vision and haloes on eertion
pigment dispersion
72
mid-peripheral spoke-like defects of the iris on transillumination
pigment dispersion
73
vertical spindle shaped pigments on corneal epithelium (krukenberg spindles)
pigment dispersion syndrome
74
signs of pigment dispersion syndrome
mid-peripheral spoke-like defects of the iris | vertical spindle shaped pigments on corneal epithelium
75
trabecular meshwork pigmentation
pigment dispersion syndrome
76
neuvascular glaucoma occurs due to...
proliferation of fibrovascular tissue in the ant angle due to rubeosis iridis
77
glaucoma typically occurs 3 months after occlusive event (100 day glaucoma)
neovascular glaucoma
78
causes: ischaemic CRVO, CRAO, diabetes (proliferative)
neovascular glaucoma
79
PRP
neovascular glaucoma
80
YAG laser iridotomy
ACG
81
avoid pilocarpine and prosta analogues
neovascular glaucoma
82
TM blockage by RBC shells typically 2-4 weeks after vitreous haemorrhage
ghost cell glaucoma
83
ant uveitis + raised IOP with open angle
schwartz-matsuo syndrome
84
results from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
schwartz-matsuo syndrome
85
sturge weber syndrome
congenital neuro-oculocutaneous disorder causing secondary OAG
86
port int stain
sturge weber
87
seizues, glaucoma, choroidal haemangiomas
sturge weber
88
normal IOP
>10 <21
89
normal IOP in newborn
10-12 mmHg
90
normal corneal diameter
10-10.5 mm
91
primary congenital glaucoma tx
goniotomy or trabeculotomy
92
if cornea is clear (in primary congenical glaucoma) which surgery do you do
goniotomy
93
if cornea is cloudy (congenital glaucoma) , which surgery
trabeculotomy

Duke Elder (2 decks)

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