Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CNS Pathology > Glaucoma and Epilepsy Drugs > Flashcards

Glaucoma and Epilepsy Drugs Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the main goal of glaucoma drugs?

A

Decrease intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor by either inhibiting synthesis/secretion of humor or increasing the drainage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What class of drugs are epinephrine and brimonidine?

A

alpha-agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of epinephrine in treating glaucoma?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of brimonidine (alpha-2) in treating glaucoma?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the side effect of epinephrine in treating glaucoma?

A

Mydriasis; do not use in closed angel glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the side effects of brimonidine use in glaucoma?

A

Blurry vision

Ocular hyperemia

Foreign body sensation

Ocular allergic reactions

Ocular pruritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What class of drugs are timolol, betaxolol and carteolol?

A

ß-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism of timolol, betaxolol and cartelol in glaucoma treatment?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Side effects of timolol, betaxolol and carteolol in glaucoma treatment?

A

No pupillary or vision changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What class of drugs is acetazolamide?

A

Diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanism of acetazolamide in glaucoma treatment?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What class of drugs are pilocarpine and carbachol?

A

Direct cholinomimetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanism of pilocarpine and carbachol in glaucoma treatment?

A

Increase outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscles and opening of trabecular meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Side effects of pilocarpine and carbachol in glaucoma treatment

A

Miosis

Cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What class of drugs are physostigmine and echothiophate?

A

Indirect cholinomimetic (AChE inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of physostigmine nad echothiphate in glaucoma treatment?

A

Increased outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscles and opening of trabecular meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Side effects of physostigmine and echothiophate use in treatment of glaucoma

A

Miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What class of drugs is latanoprost (PGF2alpha)

A

Prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mechanism of latanoprost in treating glaucoma?

A

Increase outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a side-effect of latanoprost in glaucoma treatment?

A

Darkens color of iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kinds of epilepsy does phenytion treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

Absence

Status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the mechanism of phenytoin in seizure treatment?

A

Increase sodium channel inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phenytoin is the 1st line treatment for which forms of epilepsy?

A

Tonic-clonic

Status epilepticus (1st line for prophylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What forms of epilepsy is carbamazepine used for?

Study These Flashcards
A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

25
Carbamazepine is 1st line treatment for which forms of epilepsy?
Simple Complex Tonic-Clonic
26
What is the mechanism of carbamazepine in epilepsy treatment?
Increase sodium channel inactivation
27
What forms of epilepsy does Lamotrigine treat?
Simple Complex Tonic-clonic
28
What is the mechanism of lamotrigine in treatment of epilepsy?
Blocks voltage gated sodium channels
29
Which forms of epilepsy does gabapentin treat?
Simple Complex Tonic-clonic
30
What is the mechanism of gabapentin in epilepsy treatment?
Desgined as GABA analog but primarily inhibits high voltage activated Ca channels
31
Which forms of epilepsy does topiramate treat?
Simple ## Footnote Complex Tonic-clonic
32
What is the mechanism of topiramate in epilepsy treatment?
blocks sodium channels Increase GABA action
33
Which forms of epilepsy does phenobarbital treat?
Simple ## Footnote Complex Tonic-clonic
34
What is the mechanism of phenobarbital in epilepsy treatment?
Increase GABAA action
35
Which drug is the 1st line of treatment for epilepsy in children?
phenobarbital
36
Which forms of epilepsy does valproic acid treat?
Simple Complex Tonic-clonic Absence
37
Which form of epilepsy is valproic acid a first line drug for?
Tonic-clonic
38
What is the mechanism of valproic acid in epilepsy treatment?
Increase sodium channel inactivation Increase GABA concentration
39
Which drug is the first line of treatment for absence epilepsy?
Ethosuximide
40
What is the mechanism of ethosuximide in epilepsy treatment?
Blocks thalamine T-type Ca channels
41
Which form of epilepsy is benzodiazepine used for?
1st line for acute status epilepticus
42
What is the mechanism of benzodiazepine in epilepsy treatment?
Increase GABAA action
43
Which forms of epilepsy does tiagabine treat?
Simple Complex
44
What is the mechanism of tiagabine in epilepsy treatment?
Inhibits GABA reuptake
45
What forms of epilepsy does vigabatrin treat?
Simple ## Footnote Complex
46
What is the mechanism of vigabatrin in epilepsy treatment?
Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase to increase GABA
47
Which forms of epilepsy does levetiracetam treat?
Simple ## Footnote Complex Tonic-clonic
48
What is the mechanism of levetiracetam in epilepsy treatment?
Unknown May modulate GABA and glutamate release
49
Toxicity of benzodiazepine
Sedation tolerance Dependence
50
Toxicity of carbamazepine
Diplopia Ataxia Blood dyscrasias Liver toxicity Teratogenesis Induction of cytochrome P-450 SIADH Stevens-Johnson syndrome
51
Toxicity of ethosuximide
Fatigue GI distress Headache Urticaria Stevens-Johnson syndrome "EFGH" - Ethosuximide: Fatigue, GI distress, Headache
52
Toxicity of phenobarbital
Sedation Tolerance Dependance Induction of Cytochrome P-450
53
Toxicity of phenytoin
Nystagmus Diplopia Ataxia Sedation Gingival hyperplasia Hirsutism Megaloblastic anemia Teratogenesis SLE-like syndrome Induction of Cyt P-450 Lymphadenopathy Stevens-Johnson syndrome Osteopenia
54
Toxicity of valproic acid
GI distress rare but fatal hepatotoxicity Neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida) Tremor Weight gain
55
Toxicity of lamotrigine
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
56
Toxicity of gabapentin
Sedation Ataxia
57
Toxicity of topiramate
Sedation Mental dulling Kidney stones Weight loss
58
Which epilepsy drugs may cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
Carbamazepine Phenytoin Lamotrigine Ethosuximide "Steven-Johnson **Can Peel Lots of Epidermis**"

CNS Pathology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions