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Flashcards in Glioblastoma multiforme Deck (5)
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1
Q

What are the 5 microscopic features of GBM?

A
  1. High cellularity;
  2. Cellular and nuclear anaplasia;
  3. Mitoses;
  4. Microvascular proliferation; and
  5. Necrosis.
2
Q

What is a ‘pseudopalisading’ pattern of tumour cell arrangement?

A

Cells arranged in a perpendicular fashion around serpiginous necrotic areas (proposed that they are migrating away from a central hypoxic area).

3
Q

What is the pattern of thrombosis and microvascular proliferation in GBM?

A
  1. Thrombosed vessels in the central necrotic area;

2. Microvascular proliferation in adjacent areas to sustain tumour growth.

4
Q

What processes are involved in GBM angiogenesis?

A
  1. Tumour outgrows its blood supply, resulting in hypoxia;
  2. Upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1);
  3. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
5
Q

What are the characteristic features of new GBM blood vessels?

A
  1. Arranged in glomeruloid formation;

2. Lack a blood brain barrier.