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Flashcards in Global Democratization Deck (15)
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1
Q

Francis Fukuyama (1992:xi)

A

Decided that the ‘end of history’ had been reached because liberal democracy constitutes the ‘endpoint of mankind’s ideological motivation’ and is the ‘final form of human government’.

2
Q

Huntington, 1991

A

After the end of the Cold War, a paradigm shift is recognisable in the study of democratisation. Rather than seeing political developments as separate events, researchers turned to seeing them as connected with a cascading pattern and thus part of the ‘Third Wave’ of democratisation.

3
Q

O’Loughlin et al (1988) diffusion model

A

To track the democratic and autocratic changes after 1946 but they were highly cognisant of both regional peculiarities and states that did not conform to the regional trends

4
Q

Huntington’s third wave of democratisation is caused by

A

First, is there a new international norm consequent on globalisation? If there a political parallel to economic globalisation making countries politically similar. Second, is there a clear correlation between democracy and aid: no democracy no foreign aid. Third, is the diffusion effect identified at the time of the end of the cold war still evident, or has the asymptote been reached. Fourth, with the collapse of the communist alternative, can we accept the ‘Zeitgeist’ model.

5
Q

Linz and Stepan (1996: 74)

A

When a country is part of an international ideological community where democracy is one of many contested ideologies, the chances of transitioning and consolidating democracy are considerably less than if the spirit of the times is one where democratic ideologies have no powerful contenders.

6
Q

Lipset’s (1959) paper

A

Social requisites of democracy, which focused attention on the structural charcteristics of countries, typically the size of the middle class, private entrepreneurial groups, widespread literacy etc.

7
Q

Rustow (1970)

A

Argued that the structural national conditions that keep a democracy functioning might not be the same factors that brought democracy in the first place.

8
Q

A state wit a chance of becoming democratic has

A

A sense of community, a conscious adoption of democratic rules, and operation of the rules in a step-by-step adoption of democracy.

9
Q

Schwartzman (1998)

A

globalisation is seen as a ‘global catalyst’ of democracy.

10
Q

Global industrialisation and development filter through democracy in four ways

A

They privilege the role of technology and communication, making the import of ideas easier and therefore more difficult for an authoritarian regime to control; they promote the growth of middle class in individual countries, they increase the power of the working class, they interplay between globalised capitalism and state-class relations.

11
Q

Minimalist democracy - Beetham, 1994

A

Corresponds to formal democracy with four common features: regular fair and free election, universal suffrage, accountability of the state’s apparatus to the people’ and effective guarantees of expression and association.

12
Q

formal democracy compared to liberal democracy

A

Formal democracy should be distinguished from liberal democracy - formal democracy that encompasses extensive protections for individuals and group freedoms.

13
Q

Electoral democratic measures limited

A

Limited to formal democratic institutions, so a fuller picture of democracy needs to consider other, less institutionalised measures. Freedom house carries out a yearly survey of all countries.

14
Q

Survey team scores

A

1 indicated the highest ranking of democracy, with 7 indicating the most authoritarian regimes.

15
Q

Political rights and civil liberties correlataion

A

There is a strong correlation between the two