Global development Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is development?
A term that measures how advanced a country is compared to another. It’s about the standard of living in a country.
Factors affecting development.
PHYSICAL
.Climate
.Natural resources
.Landlocked countries
.Natural hazards
HISTORIC
.Colonies
.Trade
.Politics
ECONOMIC
.World trade
.Foreign investment
.Infrastructure
.Social investment
TECHNOLOGICAL
.electricity
.internet access
.better industry machinery
SOCIAL
.Access to health
.Education
.Housing
CULTURAL
.Democracy
. work-life balance
How does climate affect development?
Countries with moderate rainfall and temperatures are able to grow sufficient food to support their population.
In some climates especially tropical (wet and warm), certain diseases such as malaria can spread rapidly.
How do natural resources affect development?
Resources such as minerals as well as fossil fuels help countries to develop.
How does a country being landlocked affect development?
Countries with no coastline find it difficult to trade their goods on a global market. This limits the money the country can generate. Instead they must rely on their neighbouring countries.
How does a country having natural hazards affect development?
Floods, tectonic activity, droughts aren’t even across the world. Countries that receive more of these events struggle to develop because money is spent to repair the damage.
How do colonies affect development?
A colony is when a country is ruled by a different country.
Colonies have historically supplied food and resources to the country that owned them. The result is that the colony’s development is hindered.
How does historic trade affect development?
Many trading partnerships go back to colonial times. Countries with good trading partners or countries on trade routes ((has a coastline)) developed faster than others that didnt trade with other countries.
How does politics affect development?
Countries with strong government develop more quickly. If countries are at war or suffer from civil wars, their income is spent on military weapons rather than development.
Also if a country is corrupt development will slow down as money will be spent by small number of people who rule country, rather than development for the country as a whole.
How does world trade affect development?
Manufactured goods and research and development are worth more on the global market than primary goods (crops, minerals). Developing countries sell primary products to developed countries, whereas developed countries sell their manufactured goods and services worldwide.
How does foreign investment affect development?
Large global companies locating in a country will help the country to develop because it brings money into it. This is called foreign investment.
How does infrastructure affect development?
Infrastructure: Roads, railways, airports, facilities such as electricity supply.
Developed countries with good infrastructure are invested in by companies more as services move smoother and products are produced more efficiently.
What is social development?
Changes that have a direct impact on the populations quality of life.
E.g. improved levels of literacy through more access to education. Better housing conditions and more doctors. These all will help increase life expectancy.
What is economic development?
An increase in a country’s wealth.
Secondary sector = making or building things, usually in factories.
Primary sector = gathering natural materials from the earth. E.g. farming, mining.
What is political development?
Freedom for the people to have a greater say in who and how their country is governed, via elections
What is cultural development?
Greater equality for women and better race relations.
Impacts of uneven development?
.Limited access to education
.Food and water scarcity
poorer countries
.Poor health and medical care
.Limited access to adequate
housing
.More unemployment
.Less technology
.Infrastructure is worse
What are intergovernmental agreements?
An agreement made between two or more countries to solve a problem of mutual concern. I
What is bi-lateral aid?
Aid given directly from one country to another. Sometimes this comes with conditions/agreements.
What is multi-lateral aid?
Developed countries give money to international organisations such as the world bank or United Nations. These organisations are then responsible for issuing the funds.
What is official aid?
Governments in developed countries have funds that non governmental organisations e.g. charities, can bid for.
What is voluntary aid?
Money raised through donations and charities. Non-governmental organisations will raise funds in developed countries. Money is spent on specific projects in developing countries.
What is bottom up development strategy?
local-scale projects that aim to help a community or small area to develop.
What is top down development strategy?
Higher budget government
