global development Flashcards
(18 cards)
what is development?
improving in key areas and improving the quality of life in a country
what are some causes of uneven development?
climate, war, access to natural resources, diseases, corrupted governments, natural disasters
what are some strategies to reduce uneven development, especially with low income countries
fair trade, debt relief, trade aid
what is fair trade?
produces for example farmers are paid a fair amount. - to say this improves development, say it like a chain reaction, overall it improves the quality of life, which leads to improved development
what are the 2 ways to measure development?
GDP - gross domestic product, and HDI - human development index
explain how a high GDP usually means greater development
a higher GDP means a country is producing more goods and providing more services, which means there is a higher level of economic activity, as it means people within businesses are working harder, producing goods, earning more money. this means people have more disposable income, with higher income, people often enjoy a higher quality of life, which improves development
what does the HDI measure?
development - life expectancy at birth, means years of school at birth, means years of school at 25, GNI per capita
what is GNI per capita?
the average income earned by a country’s individuals
define development gap
the difference in levels of development between countries
what are 4 measures to measure the development gap across the world, and which increase and decrease
infant mortality rate, total fertility rate decreases, life expectancy at birth and percentage of people living in urban areas increases
what is infant mortality rate?
the number of babies which die before reaching 1 years old
what is the total fertility rate?
the average number of babies a country has
what are the numbers on the HDI?
0.1-1, 1 is the most developed
define inequality
the uneven distribution of wealth, resources and opportunities between countries
what is used to measure inequality within countries?
the gini coefficient, shows income inequality
how does the gini co-efficient work?
between 0 ad 100. 0- everyone earns around the same, income is evenly distributed. but, 100- means one person earns all the income for the country. the smaller the number, the better
what is landlocked?
when a country has no access to a coastline or a sea, and are completely surrounded by land- limitting them from reaching global markets
what are some impacts on uneven development?
education - 775 million people in poor countries can’t read or write.
