Global development Flashcards
(35 cards)
what is development
measures how advanced a country is compared to another. it is about standard of living but also quality of life
how could a low income country develop?
- investment in farming for food
- electricity reaching rural areas
- new roads + railways for connectivity
- literacy rates - more jobs
- gender equality
what are the factors effecting development of a country
economic- personal weatlth and income
social- access to healthcare education housing
-food and water security
-technological - electricity
A lack of food security means a lack of…..
availability
access to a healthy diet
knowledge to make most of what they have/resources
what factors effect the HDI
- life expectancy
- average years in education
- GDP
what are the factors effecting development globally
- physical- size of the country, landlocked, climate
- historical- colonial links, trade agreements
- economic- type of economy, currupt, debt
what about the UK development reasons
Physical- island no landlock, remoteness
historical- links with particular industries, deindustrialisation
economic- employment rates and salaries, house price, infrastructure
what are the causes and impacts of uneven development
- employment- limited in LEDCs
- food and water security - LEDCs lack
- technology- appropriate
- education - literacy rates low, large families in debt
- access to housing- 30% of world in slums
- healthcare is limitted
- gap between rich and poor increases
what is international aid
- where a county volentarily transfers resources to another counrty
- helps to reduce uneven development
evaluate foreign direct investment
(when a country invests in a country from another country) \+brings in investment \+big brands pay more -not always reliable can pull out -environmental consequences -outsell local products
what is top down development
large scale, expensive sophisticated technology project decided by governments
describe some intergovernmental agreements
trade- reduces uneven development
fairtrade- developing countries work together to deal with retailers in developed countries to get fairer conditions. less than 1% is fair
foreign direct investment- +widens consumer market
-big brands outsell local products
what is bottom up development
actions of communities and NGOs at a local scale to benefit small amount of people with cheaper appropriate technology
advantages + disadvantages of top down
+large sum of money put into benefit 1000s
+access to advanced technology
-locals might not benefit and have no say as its decided by those in power, forced out of home 234 villiages.
advantages + disadvantages of bottom up
+meets needs of local people
+less expensive
-development slow less effective
name some strategies to reduce uneven development
- international aid- pay for imports, infrastructure
- intergovernmental agreements- to cooperate
- trade agreements being fair trade
- foreign direct investment - widens consumer market
describe how development veries in a developing country
-bihar- 86% in rural, average income 6000 rupees
55% below poverty line
-Maharashtra- richest, 30,000 rupees, skilled workers, 3 universities in mumbai
name 3 types of investment in emerging countries
public investments- education and healthcare
private investment- TNC’s
foreign direct investment- businesses
what is the impact of economic change in developing country
- primary -58% to 26% decline
- secondary - from 15 % to 22% increase
- tertiary - 22% to 52%
- Quaternary - over 1 million jobs in |T
name some changes in the population structure in an emerging country
- fall in death rate
- birth rate high
- natural increase
name some ways of measuring development
HDI GDP GNI per capita literacy rate, people per doctor, birth+death rate Curruption Perception Index
what factors effect the development of ethiopia
physical- landlocked, imports arent by sea and climate means money from farming is scarse
Historical-occupied by Italy so money leaked back to italy
Economic- its in debt
Social- disease and HIV and also in drought
How is the scale of inequality measured
Gini- coefficient - higher value shows more unequal distribution
slovenia small- 25.6
South africa big - 63.4
How does the level of developement vary within a country such as India
- infrastructure- greater connectivity eg) 3 airports in mumbai
- skilled workers- improved education 35% bihar at school so less skilled
- deindustrialsiation- physical factors- coast allows trade in mumbai
