Global / Environmental Health

Question 1

environmental health

Answer 1

all physical, chemical, biological factors external to a person and all factors impacting behaviors

-encompasses the assessment and control of environmental factors that can affect health

Question 2

six environmental objectives

Answer 2

1. outdoor air
2. surface and ground water
3. toxins and hazardous waste
4. homes and communities
5. infrastructure and surveillance
6. global environment

Question 3

hazardous substances

Answer 3

probability that individuals will be adversely affected depends on 3 factors…
1. ability to cause harm to humans
2. whether it enters the body and reaches susceptible organs
3. amount that is present

Question 4

exposure risk assessment

Answer 4

process used by policy makers and other regulators to evaluate the extent to which a population may suffer from environmental exposure

Question 5

exposure risk steps

Answer 5

1. hazard identification
2. dose response assessment
3. exposure assessment
4. risk characterization

Question 6

chemical exposure

Answer 6

-carbon monoxide
-metals
-pesticides
-lead
-cigarette smoke

Question 7

biological agents

Answer 7

-bacteria
-viruses
-plant / animal contact
-toxic plants and fungi
-allergens

Question 8

physical agents

Answer 8

-heat
-cold
-radiation
-noise
-vibration
-falls
-vehicle crash
-violence

Question 9

environmental health history

Answer 9

amount of exposure to an environmental risk varies based on proximity

-time and location

Question 10

older adults environmental health

Answer 10

-increased age
-chronic conditions
-increase risk environmental hazards
-higher burden of absorbed chemicals

Question 11

environmental health nurses

Answer 11

1. knowledge of role the environment plays on health
2. assess health hazards and make referrals
3. use of appropriate risk communication strategies
4. understand policies and legislation related to environmental health

Question 12

health definition

Answer 12

state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 13

global health

Answer 13

refers to the scope of the problem and not the location

-outcomes of these different systems
-impact on government and private institutions
-economic development

Question 14

global health promotes

Answer 14

-civil society
-social and cultural growth
-economic, industrial, environmental development

Question 15

global health measured…

Answer 15

life expectancy
-low income countries have lowest life expectancy
-life expectancy has increased by 30 years r/t advanced practices

Question 16

nursing and global health

Answer 16

-provide care
-advocate
-educate patients
-develop population level interventions
-conduct research on how to best improve health for vulnerable populations

Question 17

global health nursing challenges

Answer 17

1. practicing in diverse environments
2. recognition of global learning
3. understanding of : local, national, global communities

Question 18

global health challenges

Answer 18

1. human rights
2. ethical and moral dilemmas
3. availability of healthcare providers

Question 19

multilateral organizations

Answer 19

work and funding comes from multiple governments
-WHO
-World Bank
-United Nation’s International Childrens fund

Question 20

bilateral organizations

Answer 20

represent a single government that donates aid to countries, directed toward developing countries
-US agency for international development
-CDC

Question 21

communicable diseases

Answer 21

TB
AIDS
Malaria

Question 22

noncommunicable diseases / violence

Answer 22

stroke
cancer
heart disease
DM
Chronic Respiratory Disease

Question 23

global health nutrition

Answer 23

-many children are underweight and have micronutrient deficiencies
-improved nutrition = stronger immune systems, decreased illness, longer life span

Question 24

low income nursing

Answer 24

-education
-food and water
-basic sanitation
-maternal child health
-prevention of endemic disease
-essential drugs
-appropriate treatment for diseases

Question 25

neglected diseases

Answer 25

1. cholera 2. shingella 3. lymphatic filariasis 4. leprosy

Question 26

emerging diseases

Answer 26

-flu -ebola -hepatitis C -west nile -SARS -HIV / AIDS

Question 27

woman's ability to survive pregnancy is indicative of society she lives in...

Answer 27

true, most deaths to women around the world are related to pregnancy and childbirth

Question 28

Pan American Health Organization

Answer 28

primary mission is to strength health systems at international and local level to improve health and living standards of Americas -monitor spread of diseases -childhood immunizations -reduce infant mortality

Question 29

World Health Organization

Answer 29

provide technical support and health care services to member nations, emphasis on poorer countries -leading effort to establish international standards for medications and vaccines -immunization programs -healthcare infrastructure -improve sanitation

Question 30

united nations international children's fund

Answer 30

concentrates efforts in maternal and child health -primary prevention of communicable disease -fresh water, safe food, health education for moms

Question 31

world bank

Answer 31

organization's major aim is to lend money to lesser developed countries for improvement in education / health / agriculture / natural resource management