Global Health

Question 1

what is the under 5 mortality rate?

Answer 1

the probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 5

Question 2

what is the infant mortality rate?

Answer 2

the probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 1

Question 3

what is the neonatal mortality rate?

Answer 3

the probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 1 month

Question 4

what is a live birth?

Answer 4

one where there is any sign of life after birth, regardless of gestation

Question 5

what is one of the leading causes of mortality for children?

Answer 5

pneumonia

Question 6

name four causes of pneumonia in children

Answer 6

strep pneumonia
h influenza
RSV
pneumocystis jivroci

Question 7

what is another name for pneumocystis jivrocii?

Answer 7

PCP

Question 8

what are four risk factors for childhood pneumonia?

Answer 8

malnutrition
over crowding
indoor air pollution
parental smoking

Question 9

how can pneumonia be prevented?

Answer 9

vaccines
breastfeeding
good hygiene

Question 10

what is given to HIV positive children to protect against PCP?

Answer 10

daily cotrimoxazole

Question 11

what commonly causes diarrhoea?

Answer 11

water or food contaminated with faeces

Question 12

how is diarrhoea managed?

Answer 12

oral rehydration solution (ORS)

zinc supplements

Question 13

name two common causes for diarrhoea

Answer 13

e coli

rotavirus

Question 14

how do most children with HIV get the disease?

Answer 14

mother to child transmission

Question 15

when is HIV transmitted from mother to child?

Answer 15

pregnancy
delivery
breastfeeding

Question 16

how can mother to child transmission of HIV be prevented?

Answer 16

maternal ART
screen and treat other STDs
infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks

Question 17

what is ART?

Answer 17

anti retroviral therapy

Question 18

what is the diagnostic test for HIV in someone <18 months?

Answer 18

virological PCR for HIV DNA/RNA

Question 19

what is the diagnostic test for HIV in someone >18 months?

Answer 19

serological rapid antibody test

Question 20

how is HIV staged?

Answer 20

based on CD4 count or viral load

Question 21

what is the management for HIV in someone under 3?

Answer 21

two NRTI’s

one NNRTI

Question 22

what is the management for HIV in someone over 3?

Answer 22

two NRTI’s

protease inhibitor

Question 23

name an NRTI

Answer 23

abacavir

Question 24

what is an NRTI?

Answer 24

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 25

what is an NNRTI?

Answer 25

non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 26

name a NNRTI

Answer 26

efavirenz

Question 27

name a protease inhibitor

Answer 27

kaletra

Question 28

how does TB present?

Answer 28

chronic cough or fever night sweats lymphadenopathy

Question 29

how is TB managed?

Answer 29

two months RIPE | four months RI

Question 30

how can TB be prevented?

Answer 30

BCG

Question 31

what causes malaria?

Answer 31

Plasmodium parasite from female anopheles mosquito

Question 32

what parasite causes the most severe malaria?

Answer 32

p falciparum

Question 33

how is malaria diagnosed?

Answer 33

blood film for microscopy

Question 34

how does malaria present?

Answer 34

fever pallor malaise

Question 35

how is malaria managed?

Answer 35

ACT for 3 days

Question 36

what is ACT?

Answer 36

artemisinin based combination therapy

Question 37

how should severe malaria be managed?

Answer 37

treat with IM/IV artesunpte until they can tolerate oral