Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

WOSOCU > Global health > Flashcards

Global health Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, which may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and which are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions (Institute of Medicine, USA-1997)

A

Global Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

refers to any health issue that concerns many countries or is affected by transnational determinants such as:
climate change
urbanization
malnutrition - over or under nutrition

A

Global Health Issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

refers to any health issue that concerns many countries,
or nutrition as:
Polio eradication
containment of avian influenza
approaches to tobacco control

A

Global Health Issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Developed as a discipline in the mid 19th century in UK, Europe and US. Concerned more with national issues.

A

Public Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Data and evidence to support action, focus on populations, social justice and equity, emphasis on preventions vs. cure.

A

Public Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Developed during past decades, came to be more concerned with:
the diseases (e.g. tropical diseases) and
conditions (war, national disasters) of middle and low income countries.7
tended to denote a one-way flow of ‘good ideas’.

A

International Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

More recent in its origin and emphasizes a greater scope of health problems and solutions that transcend national boundaries requiring greater inter-disciplinary approach.

A

Global Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disciplines involved in Global Health

A

Social sciences
Behavioral Science
Law
Economics
History
Engineering
Biomedical sciences
Environmental sciences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Key Concepts in Relation to Global Health

A
  1. The determinants of health
  2. The measurement of health status
  3. The importance of culture to health
  4. The global burden of disease
  5. The key risk factors for various health problems
  6. The organization and function of health systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a disease caused by a microorganism and therefore potentially infinitely transferable to new individuals…

A

Infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

an infectious disease that is contagious and which can be transmitted from one source to another by infectious bacteria or viral organisms

A

Communicable disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infectious diseases are communicable but so are the elements of western lifestyle, which are?

A

Dietary changes
Lack of physical activity
Reliance on automobile transport
Smoking
Stress
Urbanization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Determinants of Health

A

Genetic Makeup
Age
Gender
Lifestyle choices
Community influences
Income status
Geographical location
Culture
Environmental factors
Work conditions
Education
Access to health services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

General factors (determinants of health)

A

Political stability
Civil rights
Environmental degradation
Population growth/pressure
Urbanization
Development of country of residence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Multi-sectoral Dimension of the Determinants of Health
- malnutrition

A

more susceptible to disease and less likely to recover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Multi-sectoral Dimension of the Determinants of Health

  • cooking with wood and coal
A

Lung diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Multi-sectoral Dimension of the Determinants of Health

  • poor sanitation
A

More intestinal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multi-sectoral Dimension of the Determinants of Health

  • poor life circumstances
A

Commercial sex work and STIs, HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Multi-sectoral Dimension of the Determinants of Health

  • Advertising tobacco and alcohol
A

Addiction and related diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Multi-sectoral Dimension of the Determinants of Health

  • Rapid growth in vehicular traffic often with untrained drivers on unsafe roads
A

Road traffic accidents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Obtained from death certification but limited because of incomplete coverage

A

Cause of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The average number of years a new-born baby could expect to live if current trends in mortality were to continue for the rest of the new-born’s life

A

Life expectancy at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The number of women who die as a result of childbirth and pregnancy related complications per 100,000 live births in a given year

Study These Flashcards
A

Maternal mortality rate

24
Q

The number of deaths in infants under 1 year per 1,000 live births for a given year

Study These Flashcards
A

Infant mortality rate

25
The number of deaths among infants under 28 days in a given year per 1,000 live births in that year
Neonatal mortality rate
26
The probability that a new-born will die before reaching the age of five years, expressed as a number per 1,000 live births
Child mortality rate
27
The predominating attitudes and behavior that characterize the functioning of a group or organization
Culture
28
a disorder of neuronal depolarisation vs. a form of possession/bad omen sent by the ancestors
Belief about health: Epilepsy
29
ancestral problems requiring the assistance of traditional healer/spiritualist
Belief about health: Psychoses
30
diversity, marginalization and vulnerability due to race, gender and ethnicity
Influence of culture of health
31
The Global Burden of Disease - Predicted changes in burden of disease from communicable to non-communicable between 2004 and 2030
Reduction in malaria, diarrhoeal disease, TB and HIV/AIDS Increase in cardiovascular deaths, COPD, road traffic accidents and diabetes mellitus
32
The Global Burden of Disease
Predicted changes in burden of disease from communicable to non-communicable between 2004 and 2030 Ageing populations in middle and low income countries Socioeconomic growth with increased car ownership Based on a ‘business as usual’ assumption
33
Key Risk Factors for Various Health Conditions - related to the top ten causes of mortality world wide
Tobacco use
34
Key Risk Factors for Various Health Conditions - related to high levels of diarrhoeal/water borne diseases
Poor sanitation and access to clean water
35
Key Risk Factors for Various Health Conditions - HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections
Low condom use
36
Key Risk Factors for Various Health Conditions - under-nutrition (increased susceptibility to infectious diseases) and over-nutrition responsible for cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity etc.
Malnutrition
37
comprises all organizations, institutions and resources devoted to producing actions whose primary intent is to improve health (WHO)
A health system
38
Most national health systems consist:
Public, private, traditional, and informal sectors
39
Health Patterns
Genetic Factors Environmental Factors Lifestyle Factors Communicable vs Non-communiccable diseases
40
Entry: oral Colonization: small intestine Symptoms: nausea, diarrhea, muscle cramps, shock
Cholera 1800s
41
credited by many with developing the modern field of epidemiology
John Snow
42
the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health
Epidemiology
43
John Snow’s observations
People with cholera developed immediate digestive problems: cramps, vomiting, diarrhea Face, feet, hands shriveled and turned blue; died in less than a day Probably spread by vomiting and diarrhea Comparison of pump location with cholera deaths, first 3 days of epidemic in 1854
44
Why has Cholera Re-emerged?
Deteriorating sanitary facilities as larger population moves into shanty towns Trujullo, Peru – fear of cancer from chlorination so water untreated Use of wastewater on crops Africa – civil wars and drought caused migrations into camps
45
How has Cholera Re-emerged?
Simultaneous appearance along whole coast of Peru Traveled in ship ballast? Traveled in plankton from Asia? Always present in local zooplankton (copepods) but dormant until triggered by (vibrio cholerae?)
46
Health Patterns in Poor Countries
Infectious/communicable diseases Malnutrition related conditions Trauma/ accidents *many if these diseases are treatable
47
infectious/ communicable diseases prevalent in poor countries
Vaccine prevalent diseases, e.g. measles acute respiratory infections (ARI) Diarrhoeal diseases (cholerra) Malaria Tuberculosis (TB) Hepatitis HIV/AIDS
48
Malnutrition related conditions in poor countries
Calorie deficiencies micro-nutrient deficiencies
49
Health patterns in rich countries
Non-communicable diseases *many of these deaths are related to lifestyle factors and are preventable Lifestyle
50
Non-communicable diseases prevalent in rich countries
- causes of death (all ages) 40% circulatory diseases, e.g. heart disease, strokes, etc. 25% cancers 16% respiratory diseases 5% injuries and poisoning 0.6% infectious diseases - premature mortality (<65): 25% circulatory diseases 33% cancers 16% injuries (RTAs/Suicides) and Poisoning 1% infectious diseases
51
lifestyle factors affecting physical and mental health in rich countries
Smoking - one third of cancer deaths related to smoking Drinking Healthy eating/nutrition Physical activity Substance abuse
52
Cholera Epidemiology
Of 83 people, only 10 lived closer to a different pump than Broad Street Of these 10, 5 preferred taste of Broad Street water and 3 were children who went to nearby school Snow convinced neighborhood council to let him remove handle from water pump on Broad Street The new cases declined dramatically Many on council not convinced by his evidence
53
Snow Index Case
Index case is first person to become ill 40 Broad Street - husband and infant child became ill Wife soaked diapers in pail and emptied pail into cistern next to pump
54
The Great Experiment
Two water companies supplied central London Lambeth Company: water intake upstream of London sewage outfall into Thames Southwark & Vauxhall Company: water intake downstream of sewage outfall Customers mixed in same neighborhood Snow went door to door asking which water company served home and compared locations with cholera data
55
Cholera in the 1990s
Epidemic in Peru beginning 1991 From 1991-1994 Cases 1,041,422 Deaths 9,642 (0.9%) Originated at coast, spread inland

WOSOCU (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions