global health

Question 1

4 stages of disaster management

Answer 1

mitigation
preparation
respond
rebuild

Question 2

what happens in the first 2 stages of disaster management

Answer 2

mitigation- prevent disasters and ↓risk of poor outcomes

preparation- resources and plan

Question 3

nurses role in each stage of disaster management

Answer 3

1- education-proper hygiene

#2- develop emergency response plan
#3- track outbreaks like diarrhea and measles
#4- monitor long term health (PTSD, depression)

Question 4

how are MPOX and Zika similar (5)

Answer 4

• viral
• transmission from pregnancy
• dx with PCR
• treat with supportive care
  -flu-like s/s

Question 5

how are MPOX and Zika different (5)

Answer 5

-MPOX has vaccine
-MPOX lasts longer (2-4w)
-MPOX s/s -painful rash
-MPOX from contact (ppl/object)
-Zika- from mosquitoes, sex

Question 6

case isolation vs quarantine

Answer 6

-case isolation- someone is positive and isolated

-quarantine- doesn’t mean they are positive, exposure (limit transmission)

Question 7

which 2 communicable diseases have the most drug resistance

Answer 7

TB and malaria

Question 8

Ebola locations

Answer 8

Guinea, Sierra, Leone and Liberia

Question 9

how is Ebola transmitted

Answer 9

handling infected animals, bodily fluids, direct contact with dead bodies

Question 10

later s/s of Ebola (4)

Answer 10

bleeding, ↓kidney/liver
rash, V/D

Question 11

who is at higher risk of HIV

Answer 11

women in SSA

Question 12

90-90-90

Answer 12

90% know they are positive
90% receive antiretrovirals
90% treated have suppression

Question 13

prevention for HIV (4)

Answer 13

condoms, screening, circumcision, Prep in high risk groups

Question 14

TB problems (3)

Answer 14

• Drug resistance
• High fatality and virulent rate
• High costs to the individual

Question 15

what is the #1 killer of HIV pts

Answer 15

TB

Question 16

Scaling up the three I’s

Answer 16

• Intensified case finding
• Isoniazid to ppl with HIV (prevent TB)
• Infection control in hospitals

Question 17

what is the leading cause of DALYs in SSA

Answer 17

malaria

Question 18

who is at risk for Malaria (2)

Answer 18

children under 5yo and pregnant women

Question 19

which 2 diseases are treated with mass chemotherapy

Answer 19

malaria
hookworm

Question 20

Causes of childhood diarrhea (4)

Answer 20

Unsafe water
Rotavirus
Poor hygiene
cholera

Question 21

treatment for diarrhea (3)

Answer 21

oral rehydration, zinc, antibiotics

Question 22

what is the leading cause of death globablly

Answer 22

heart disease

Question 23

where do diabetic deaths occur

Answer 23

LMIC

Question 24

how to prevent cancer

Answer 24

tobacco control

Question 25

cancers and locations (4)

Answer 25

Liver and cervical - Africa Stomach - western pacific Bladder - Europe Lung cancer- NOT in Africa

Question 26

geological disasters (4)

Answer 26

earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides

Question 27

COVID severe s/s (3)

Answer 27

pneumonia SARS kidney failure

Question 28

which disaster has the most deaths

Answer 28

earthquakes

Question 29

what causes most deaths in early stages of CHE (4)

Answer 29

diarrheal diseases, respiratory infections, measles malaria

Question 30

health impacts of floods (3)

Answer 30

diarrheal, respiratory, and skin diseases

Question 31

public health emergency

Answer 31

Daily rate twice the baseline rate

Question 32

Water and Sanitation needs (CHE)

Answer 32

15L water/day per person 1 toilet /20 people

Question 33

CHE interventions (3)

Answer 33

- vit A to all kids - measles vaccine to all kids - 2100 kcal/day for adults

Question 34

grand challenges by Bill Gates

Answer 34

vaccine development, limit drug resistance

Question 35

10/90 gap with science

Answer 35

90% of research for high income countries

Question 36

benefit of Tiered pricing

Answer 36

help cover the cost of products in LMIC

Question 37

Push mechanism

Answer 37

reduce risk and cost of investments

Question 38

Pull mechanism

Answer 38

assure a future return if a product is produced

Question 39

factors affecting vaccine delivery

Answer 39

-Contextual influences -Individual/group influences -Vaccine-specific issues

Question 40

TRIPS

Answer 40

patents last for 20y from date of registration

Question 41

DNDi

Answer 41

non profit vaccine research

Question 42

problem with household air pollution

Answer 42

cooking with solid fuel

Question 43

priorities to ↓ diarrhea (3)

Answer 43

hygiene then sanitation and then water

Question 44

what environment affects urban

Answer 44

air pollution and rises in temp

Question 45

what environment affects rural

Answer 45

weather than affect agriculture

Question 46

Cost effective solutions to environmental issues (3)

Answer 46

-improved stoves -building latrines -accessible handwashing stations

Question 47

NGO roles

Answer 47

Raise money from private sources or receive grants

Question 48

Wellcome Trust

Answer 48

biomedical research globally (genome)

Question 49

which is the largest NGO

Answer 49

BRAC

Question 50

Oxfam

Answer 50

long-term programs in local communities (women)