Global Health Issues and Health System

Question 1

Entered England in 1348 through this port. It killed 30-

50% of the country’s total population. Caused by Yersinia pestis

Answer 1

Black Death

Question 2

1918; Infected 500 million people; 50-100 million died; World War I

Answer 2

Spanish Flu

Question 3

1980’s to present; 36 million deaths

Answer 3

AIDS/HIV

Question 4

2002; 775 deaths; Spread to 37 countries

Answer 4

SARS

Question 5

2009; 284, 500 died

Answer 5

SWINE FLU

Question 6

2014; 5,000 deaths; drastic, hemorrhagic

Answer 6

EBOLA

Question 7

1.8 million die per year; Children mostly

Answer 7

DIARRHEA

Question 8

Composition of health system

Answer 8

1. Organizations
2. Institutions
3. Resources

Question 9

Primary intent of Health System

Answer 9

improve health

Question 10

What Are The Essential Functions Of Health System?

Answer 10

Service provision
Resource generation
Health financing
Stewardship

Question 11

Source of Funding of Healthcare Systems

Answer 11

Direct or Out-of-pocket Payments
General Taxation
Social Health Insurance
Voluntary or Private Health Insurance
Donations or Community Health Insurance/NGO

Question 12

Relatively rare; Well-off subpopulation in a poorer country with a poorer standard of health care

Examples are private clinics for a small
expatriate population in an otherwise poor country

Answer 12

Purely Private Enterprise

Question 13

Types Of Public Insurance Systems

Answer 13

1. Social Security Health Model
2. Publicly Funded Healthcare Model
3. Social Health Insurance

Question 14

Workers and their families are insured

by the State; E.g. SSS

Answer 14

Social Security Health Model

Question 15

Residents of the country are insured by

the State

Answer 15

Publicly Funded Healthcare Model

Question 16

Whole population or most of the population is a member of a sickness insurance company

Answer 16

Social Health Insurance

Question 17

Government health care system; Parallel private system

Answer 17

Two-Tier Health Care

Question 18

Mode of Payment for Doctors

Answer 18

1. Fee of service (out of pocket)
2. Insurance payments
3. Salary
4. Capitation

Question 19

 Universal health care system since 1962
 Funding:
1. Income tax
2. Patient fees
 Doctor payment: mostly salaries
 Co-pays are capped with limits on how much a person is
required to contribute annually
 Tuition fee for medical and nursing education is free

Answer 19

Sweden

Question 20

 Funding: progressive income taxes
 Doctor payments:
1. Hospitalists/GPs: salaries
2. Specialists: mostly fee-for-service
 GP consult: mostly free
 All medical and nursing education is free

Answer 20

Denmark

Question 21

 healthcare since 1984 (National Health Service)
 government is a purchaser and provider of
health care; decides on annual budget
 Funding:
1. Income taxes
2. National insurance contributions (88% of population)
3. Private insurance (12% of population)

Answer 21

United Kingdom

Question 22

 GP consults: free

 GPs act as gate keepers

Answer 22

United Kingdom

Question 23

 GP consult : mostly free
 Specialist consult: fee-for-service

Health expenditures:
 Government: 42%
 Private sector: 58%

Answer 23

South Africa

Question 24

see inexpensive, traditional healers
before seeking treatment from a physician; Heavy reliance on out-of-pocket payments and uneven
distributions of facilities

Answer 24

South Africa

Question 25

No universal health care system  Significantly publicly funded components (27% of the population):  Medicare covers the elderly and disabled with historical work record  Medicaid is available for the poor

Answer 25

United States

Question 26

covers children of low income families

Answer 26

State Children’s Health Insurance Program

Question 27

Cost of medicines is frequently not covered by insurance

Answer 27

United States

Question 28

 Universal health care  Patients have access to 24-hour, neighborhood doctor and nurse team

Answer 28

Cuba

Question 29

 Doctors spend mornings in their practice and PMs making house calls to elderly and infirm  Every patient is seen at least twice a year

Answer 29

Cuba

Question 30

 Near universal coverage for curative services  Government directly funds health services  Capitation is the preferred payment scheme  Shifting from specialist care to family practice

Answer 30

Mongolia

Question 31

 No universal health care  National Insurance: Philhealth  Patients are free to seek their choice of doctor

Answer 31

Philippines

Question 32

An Act Instituting a National Health Insurance Program for all Filipinos and Establishing the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) for the Purpose

Answer 32

Republic Act 7875 (Philhealth Act)

Question 33

Section 11, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

Answer 33

Republic Act 7875 (Philhealth Act)

Question 34

Purpose Of Philhealth

Answer 34

To ensure the provision of affordable, available and accessible health care for ALL citizens of the Philippines

Question 35

Goal Of Philhealth

Answer 35

Universal coverage (defined as 85% of the Philippine population) by the year 2010

Question 36

Philhealth Coverage

Answer 36

covered beneficiaries or to purchasing health services on behalf of the beneficiaries

Question 37

Philhealth Does Not...

Answer 37

 Provide health care directly  Buy or dispense drugs and pharmaceuticals  Employ doctors and other professionals for the purpose of directly rendering care  Own or invest in health care facilities

Question 38

Source Of Funds

Answer 38

 Premiums  Individual  National government  Local government  Grants and Donations  Investment Earnings  Sin Taxes

Question 39

Indigent members

Answer 39

premium is shared by national and local government depending on the class of the city or municipality