Global Inequalities Flashcards
RL 9, PSP 15 (19 cards)
Global North
Regions of Europe and North America, with some exceptions, characterized as high-income and usually politically more stable
Global South
Regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, characterized, with some exceptions, as low-income and often politically or culturally marginalized
Globalization
The process of increased international influence, resulting in a homogeneity of economy, ideology, etc. across the globe
Innovation
Process where individuals or corporations devise and adopt new technologies or practices through the process of R&D
Global Civil Society
Large-scale interconnected groups operating across borders and outside the control of the state
Neo-Liberalism
A social, economic, and political philosophy that favours the deregulation of economic markets to establish the goal of “free markets”
Modernity
An era in Western Europe beginning at the end of the medieval age ~1500 to present, associated with the increased influence of rationalism, individualization, secularism, democracy, and capitalism
Colonialism
Establishment by high-income countries of formal political control over lower-income areas; usually accompanied with exploitation of local people and resources
Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs)
Countries whose economies are between those of developed and developing economies
Global City
A city with significant influence or impact in global affairs deriving from acting as a central locale for economic markets, innovation, production, or diplomacy
Core States
Industrialized, wealthy, and powerful states that control or manipulate semi-peripheral and peripheral states
Peripheral States
States that are lower income and less able to exert political influence internationally; usually subject to manipulation or control by core states
Semi-peripheral State
In between core and peripheral
Cosmopolitans
People working in development who advocate for universal human rights that can help orient national and local legislation and policy
Communitarians
People who reject the notion that human rights apply universally to all communities, and argue that human rights are instead established through membership in specific communities
Human Capital
A measure of formal education and learning, including credentials; a skill/skillset that enhances a worker’s value on the job; usually, the result of foregone income and a long-term investment in personal improvement
Materialization
The ceremonies, symbolic objects, monuments and writing systems that hasten the spread of an ideology and power relations in the larger population, in the context of national or global culture
Knowledge translation
The process by which the knowledge, values, and cultures of one culture are adapted to fit local thoughts and beliefs rather than the transferred directly without any change
Neo-colonialism
A concept related to colonialism, when, despite political decolonization, the global North societies that once controlled many parts of the world continue to dominate the production and marketing of goods, culture, and language in their former colonies, thereby retaining their historical influence
