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GP > Global/International Conflict > Flashcards

Global/International Conflict Flashcards

1
Q

What is a border dispute?

A

A disagreement over the possession or control of landbetween two or more politicalentities

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2
Q

What are some responses to border disputes?

A
  • Crisis diplomacy
  • Mediation
  • War
  • Sanctions
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3
Q

What is war?

A

A state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country.​

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4
Q

What are global actor’s responses to war?

A

Direct intervention by states
Direct intervention by IGO (UN, NATO)
Sanctions imposed
Negotiated solutions

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5
Q

What are challenges faced by global actors resolving war?

A
  • Extreme levels of violence involved
  • Opposing goals of warring factions
  • Opposing National Interest of States
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6
Q

What is separatism?

A

The advocacy or practice of separation of a certain group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender.

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7
Q

What is terrorism?

A

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

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8
Q

What is non-state terrorism?

A
  • acts of terrorism carried out by individuals, groups, or organizations that are not affiliated with a recognized state or government.
  • operate independently and often have political, religious, or ideological motivations that drive their acts of violence.
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9
Q

What is state-sponsored terrorism?

A
  • acts of terrorism that are supported, sponsored, or conducted by a government or a state as a means to advance its political, military, or ideological goals.
  • government actively provides assistance, resources, training, to non-state terrorist groups/ individuals to carry out acts of violence, often against another state, its citizens, or its interests.
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10
Q

What is asymmetric warfare?

A

Warfare between opposing forces which differ greatly in military power and that typically involves the use of unconventional weapons and tactics

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11
Q

What are global actors’ responses to non-state terrorism?

A
  • Direct military action
  • Financial sanctions against supporters
  • Surveillance/Intelligence measures
  • Disruption of terror groups’ income streams
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12
Q

What are global actors’ responses to state sponsored terrorism?

A
  • Bans on arms sales/export
  • Limit economic aid
  • Economic sanctions
  • Negotiation
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13
Q

What are challenges of resolving terrorism?

A
  • Asymmetric nature
  • Hard to defeat ideology
  • Difficulties in negotiation
  • High levels of violence
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14
Q

What is civil conflict?

A

a violent conflict within a country fought by groups that aim to take power, or to change government policies

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15
Q

What are proxy wars?

A

a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these

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16
Q

What is crisis diplomacy?

A

Global Actors negotiations to manage international crises.

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17
Q

What is an interstate conflict?

A

violence between two or more states (WWII)

18
Q

What is national interest?

A

What a nation feels to be necessary to its security and wellbeing. The most vital objectives a State pursues, for its own benefit.

19
Q

What is instability?

A

Situations of political change in policies, regimes or governments or through violence and upheaval.

20
Q

What is NATO?

A

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliancethat responded to Russia’s actions in Ukraine.

21
Q

What is a proxy war?

A

A war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these (Korean War, Vietnamese War)

22
Q

What are sanctions?

A

Economic and diplomatic penalties imposed on Russia due toits actions in Ukraine.

23
Q

How did the Russia-Ukraine conflict start?

A
  1. Crimea annexation
  2. Pro-Russian separatist movements
  3. Fear of expansion with EU and NATO
  4. Euromaidan protests
  5. Historical tension (U used to be part of Russian Empire, and Soviet Union)
24
Q

What are consequences of war?

A
  1. Humanitarian crises
  2. Economic struggle (sanctions, rebuilding)
  3. International isolation (turning and destroying of alliances)
25
Q

Why is the Russia-Ukraine war considered asymmetric?

A
  1. Power imbalance
  2. Unconventional tactics
  3. Hybrid warfare (special forces, propaganda campaigns, cyberattacks, info warfare)
  4. Protracted conflict (no clear victory)
  5. Differing political Goals
26
Q

How did Ukraine become sovereign?

A
  1. Signing of Act of Declaration of Independence
  2. Referendum on 1 Dec 1991
  3. Dissolution from Soviet Union on 26 Dec 1991
27
Q

3 reasons for Crimea annexation?

A
  1. NATO doesn’t accept countries with conflict
  2. Ousting of pro-Russian president (setback of Russia’s interests)
  3. Boosting Putin’s popularity (gain support within Russia)
28
Q

Russia’s fears of Ukrainian links to the West?

A
  1. NATO’s military infrastructure moving closer (national security concern)
  2. Loss of economic partner
  3. Loss of cultural links
29
Q

Unconventional tactics used by Ukraine?

A
  1. Guerilla warfare
  2. Forming of territorial defense units
30
Q

Which states/global actors are involved with Russia-Ukraine, and their attitudes and actions?

A

Australia, USA, EU, and NATO:
- strongly condemn Russia’s actions, support Ukraine by providing aid, sanctions, military assistance, efforts for peaceful resolution, increased presence in East Europe
Belarus, China:
- no strong stance against Russia’s actions, maintained strategic ties with Russia

31
Q

Challenges faced by global actors attempting to resolve Russia-Ukraine conflict?

A
  1. Ongoing violence
  2. Effectiveness of sanctions: many countries wanting to maintain economic ties with Russia
  3. Humanitarian crisis
  4. Russia denying direct involvement with annexation and East Ukraine
32
Q

Aims of terrorism?

A
  1. Spread fear
  2. Destroying sense of security in a certain area
  3. Destabilize government for freedom to expand influence
  4. Revenge for government “wrongs”
  5. Address social aspects/bring light to issue (oppression, discrimination)
33
Q

Challenges with overcoming terrorism?

A
  1. High levels of violence
  2. Asymmetric nature
  3. Difficulty in negotiation
  4. Difficulty in changing ideologies
34
Q

3 examples of terrorism in last 10 years?

A
  1. Syrian Civil War + Rise of ISIS
  2. Pulwama in India
  3. Manchester Arena Bombing
35
Q

Difference between terrorist and freedom fighter (give example of both)

A

Terrorist: Acts of violence against civilians, and to coerce governments (negative) -> Osama bin Laden
Freedom fighter: Fighting for justice, liberation, rights (confronting government) -> Nelson Mandela

36
Q

Challenges in dealing with asymmetric warfare?

A
  1. Unpredictable nature (unconventional tactics)
  2. Misinformation to manipulate public opinion/credibility
  3. Protecting civilians
37
Q

Who are the Taliban?

A

Islamic fundamentalist terrorist group based in Afghanistan, who oppose formal democratic government

38
Q

What are challenges faced by the Taliban?

A
  1. Other states not taking them seriously
  2. Sanctions (economic crisis)
  3. Humanitarian crisis
  4. Invasions by foreign forces
39
Q

Global implications of the Taliban?

A
  1. Refugees fleeing to other states
  2. Safe haven for terrorists plotting attacks against other states
40
Q

Aims of the Taliban?

A
  1. Enforce strict Islamic laws (Sharia Law)
  2. Expulsion of foreign forces
  3. Resistance to Western influence
  4. Eliminate corruption, impose law and order
41
Q

Aims of the USA in terms of the Taliban, and challenges they have faced?

A
  1. Destroy Al-Qaeda
  2. Prevent Afghanistan as safe haven
  3. Restore democratic government
  4. Sanctuaries in Pakistan
  5. Well-organized nature of Taliban, and sophisticated intelligence
  6. Knowledge of terrain/support
42
Q

What is counter terrorism?

A

countering violent extremism in all its forms by preventing attacks

GP (2 decks)

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