Global Issues

Question 1

Desertification

Answer 1

When productive land becomes a desert.

Question 2

Characteristics of desertification

Answer 2

Absence of surface water
Dried up watercourses and ponds
Lowering of the water table
Vegetation becomes degraded or completely lost

Question 3

Watercourses

Answer 3

River Systems

Question 4

Deforestation

Answer 4

the cutting down of trees

Question 5

Clear Felling

Answer 5

when all the trees in an area are removed.

Question 6

Selective Felling

Answer 6

when only the best trees are cut (some are left).

Question 7

Natural Causes For Deforestation

Answer 7

Less Rainfall → Bare Soil → Increased Water Flow Overland → Water Table Lowered → Few Plants Grow and Little Plants Grow

Question 8

Human Causes For Desertification:

Answer 8

Population Growth Migration Overgrazin Over-Cultivation

Deforestation

Question 9

Reasons For Deforestation:

Answer 9

Urbanization Illegal logging Agricultural activities

Paper Livestock ranching The Revenue Earned From Selling timber helps pay off debts and to fund economic development

Question 10

Causes of globalisation:

Answer 10

Growth of TNCs, liberalisation of trade (taking down trade barriers), transport developments and improvements in ICT.

Question 11

Supply chain

Answer 11

When a good/service is created across many different nations.

Question 12

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 12

Ensures that currencies and economies are stable - protects global financial stability.

Question 13

World Trade Organisation (WTO)

Answer 13

Created multilateral trade agreements and enforce trade rules.

Question 14

World Bank

Answer 14

Provide development aid to poorer nations.

Question 15

NGOs

Answer 15

Charities. e.g. Oxfam, Doctors without borders.

Question 16

Transnational Corporation (TNC)

Answer 16

Companies which operate across international borders.

Question 17

Factors affecting population:

Answer 17

Birth rates, death rates, migration.

Question 18

Voluntary migration

Answer 18

When a person chooses to leave their country out of their own free will. Usually economic in nature.

Question 19

Forced migration.

Answer 19

When a person is forced to leave their home country.

Question 20

Circulation

Answer 20

When a person travels abroad for a temporary period .

Question 21

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 21

An effort to force an entire group of people out of a country.

Question 22

Refugee

Answer 22

A forcibly displaced person who is currently residing in a country other than their nationality.

Question 23

Asylum seeker

Answer 23

A refugee who has applied to become a citizen of another country.

Question 24

Returnee

Answer 24

A forcibly displaced person who has returned to their initial; place of residency.

Question 25

Internally displaced person (IDP)

Answer 25

A person forced to flee but who has not crossed an international border.

Question 26

How many forcibly displaced persons were there in 2015

Answer 26

65 million.

Question 27

Negative effects of globalisation:

Answer 27

TNCs may exploit workers, environmental exploitatiom.

Question 28

Causes of the tourism explosion:

Answer 28

1. Economic developemnt. 2. Advancements in communication and transport. 3. Politics (easing border restrictions). 4. Work/life balance changes (people have more lesiure time than they used to)

Question 29

Economic impacts of tourism:

Answer 29

1. Increase in revenues and economic activity in host country. 2. Effects then multiplied throughout the economy. 3. Profits often remitted back to developed countries.

Question 30

Social/cultural impacts of tourism:

Answer 30

1. Tourism can help cultural practices by providing a commercial incentive. 2. However, tourists often infringe on cultural boundaries/violate social norms

Question 31

Environmental impacts of tourism:

Answer 31

Deforestation and other environmental may be caused when governments/businesses try to accomodate tourists in hotels, resorts etc.

Question 32

Geopolitics

Answer 32

The study of the economic and political relationships between nations with reference to their geography.

Question 33

Examples of geographical factors influencing economic and political relationships:

Answer 33

1. Distance. 2. Climate change. 3. Resources.

Question 34

Important aspects of geopolitics:

Answer 34

1. Trade. 2. Migration. 3. Tourism.

Question 35

Examples of regional free trade agreements:

Answer 35

USMCA (US, Canada and Mexico). EU (most European nations). ASEAN.

Question 36

Types of development

Answer 36

Economic (most important), demographic, social, cultural, political, and environmental.

Question 37

Forces behind economic development

Answer 37

Natural resources, internal boosters, external boosters.

Question 38

Human welfare/quality of life

Answer 38

The general condition of a population or society.

Question 39

Factors of the quality of life (4)

Answer 39

Economic, social, physical, psychological. (give one example of each for extra marks).

Question 40

Types of resources

Answer 40

Natural resources, Human resources.

Question 41

Natural Resources

Answer 41

Natural resources are resources that are provided by the physical environment.

Question 42

Human Resources

Answer 42

Human Resources are resources are provided or invented by humans.