global plant diseases Flashcards
(15 cards)
1
Q
irish potato famine
A
- underlying cause = potato blight
- exacerbated by:
1) continued export of other foods
2) poor living conditions
3) ineffective political response by Great Britain
2
Q
- first found in 1950s in gros Michel
- new outbreak Called ‘tropical race 4’, within Cavendish cultivar
- full wipeout as a monoculture
A
banana wilt
3
Q
banana wilt symptoms
A
- vascular wilt
transmitted by:
- planting material
- soil
- water
4
Q
management of banana wilt
A
- resistant to fungicides and soil fumigants
- biocontrol to prevent local and international spread
- deployment of resistant cultivars
5
Q
- drought resistant plant from south america
- 3rd largest carb in tropics
- feeds 1/2B
- roots must be processed to get rid of cyanide
A
cassava
6
Q
cassava mosaic virus
A
- less photosynthetic material = less plant = less yield
- transmitted by whiteflies
- loss of $1.9 - 2.7 a year
7
Q
cassava brown streak virus
A
- loss of $1b a year
- causes root necrosis
- transmitted by whiteflies
8
Q
epidemiology and control of cassava viruses
A
- epidemics driven by emergence of invasive biotypes of whitefly vector
- pesticide control = impractical
- establishment of seed systems
- good crop hygiene
9
Q
white stem rust epidemiology
A
- requires two hosts to complete life cycle
- obligate parasite = can’t be grown in culture
- survive short periods of time outside of host
10
Q
white stem rust resistance
A
- genetic resistance = deployed to successfully control stem rust
- varieties containing SR31 widespread due to resistance and closely associated yield characteristics
- significant threat to global food security
11
Q
surveillance and control of white stem rust
A
- deployment of correct resistant genes
- Borlaug global rist initiative
12
Q
- problem in Europe
- widespread pathogen
- broad host range
- transmitted by xylem feeding leafhoppers
- causes blockage in xylem
- a.k.a pierces disease in grapevines
A
xylella fastidiosa
13
Q
xylella fastidiosa in olives
A
- outbreak in Apulia, italy in 2013
- first confirmation pf pathogen in Europe
- associated w/ olive quick decline syndrome
- slow response to remove infected trees = allowed disease to move north
14
Q
risk of xylella fastidiosa to UK
A
- importation risk on large range of ornamentals
- may not establish due to climate change
15
Q
- first found in UK in 2012
- caused by ascomycete fungus
- reduction and death of leaves at ends of ash branches
A
ash die back
