Global Politics and the United Nations

Question 1

the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power.

It refers to the activities, processes, and principles involved in the governance of a community, state, or nation.

It encompasses the struggle for power, the formation of policies, the allocation of resources, and the resolution of conflicts within a society.

It encompasses the ideologies, beliefs, and values that guide decision-making and influence the distribution of authority and resources in a society.

Answer 1

Politics

Question 2

Itis a fundamental concept in political philosophy that seeks to explain the origins and basis of legitimate political authority and the relationship between individuals and the government.

Answer 2

Social Contract Theories

Question 3

• Social contract theories

individuals exist without government or societal order. In this state, individuals have natural rights and are free to pursue their own interests.

Answer 3

State of Nature

Question 4

• The central idea is that individuals voluntarily come together and agree to form a political community or government. This agreement is seen as a hypothetical or historical event where people give up certain natural rights in exchange for the protection of other rights and the establishment of order.

Answer 4

Social Contract

Question 5

derives from the consent of the governed. In other words, the government’s authority is based on the agreement or contract made by the people.

This concept contrasts with theories that rely on divine right or conquest as the basis for government legitimacy.

Answer 5

Legitimacy of Government

Question 6

• The primary purpose of the government, according to social contract theory, is to protect the rights and interests of individuals. These rights typically include life, liberty, and property, though the specific rights can vary depending on the philosopher and the theory.

Answer 6

Protection of Rights

Question 7

in his work “Leviathan,” portrayed the state of nature as chaotic and brutal, where life was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

He argued that individuals entered into a social contract to escape this state of nature, creating a strong, centralized government (the Leviathan) to maintain order and protect their lives.

Answer 7

Thomas Hobbes

Question 8

He emphasizedthe protection of natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

He believed that individuals entered into a social contract to secure these rights and that the government’s legitimacy depended on its ability to protect them.

His ideas greatly influenced the formation of democratic governments.

Answer 8

John Locke

Question 9

In his theory, outlined in “The Social Contract,” emphasized the importance of the general will and the collective sovereignty of the people.

He believed that individuals should enter into a social contract to create a government that expresses the general will and serves the common good.

Answer 9

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 10

It refers to the ability to influence or control the behavior, decisions, and actions of others or to shape the course of events.

It is a fundamental concept in politics and is often wielded by individuals, groups, or institutions within a society.

It can be exercised through various means, including political authority, economic resources, military force, social influence, and persuasion.

Answer 10

Power

Question 11

It is the formal institution or system through which a society or a political entity exercises authority and control over its members or citizens.

It is responsible for creating and enforcing laws, regulations, and policies that govern the behavior and interactions of individuals and groups within its jurisdiction.

Answer 11

Government

Question 12

It refers to the process and structure by which organizations, institutions, or entities make decisions, implement policies, and exercise authority and control over their operations.

Answer 12

Governance

Question 13

Elements of Governance:

-Governance involves the formulation and execution of decisions that guide an organization’s actions and policies. This includes setting objectives, defining strategies, and determining resource allocation.

Answer 13

Decision-Making

Question 14

-Governance structures establish who has the authority to make decisions and who is accountable for the outcomes of those decisions. In government, for example, elected officials are granted authority by the people and are accountable through elections.

Answer 14

Authority and Accountability

Question 15

ensure that information is readily available to stakeholders and the public.

helps build trust, allows for informed decision-making, and reduces the potential for corruption or misconduct.

Answer 15

Transparency

Question 16

-Governance systems often rely on established legal frameworks and regulations to ensure that decisions are made within a lawful and fair context.

helps protect individual rights and maintain social order.

Answer 16

Rule of Law

Question 17

-Many governance systems incorporate mechanisms for checks and balances to prevent the concentration of power. For example, in a democratic government, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches often have distinct roles and can provide oversight over each other.

Answer 17

Checks and Balances

Question 18

-Governance requires clear mechanisms for holding individuals and entities accountable for their actions. This can involve audits, performance evaluations, legal proceedings, or other accountability measures.

Answer 18

Accountability

Question 19

-Inclusive governance encourages the participation of diverse stakeholders, ensuring that decisions take into account the interests and perspectives of various groups. This is particularly important in democratic systems.

Answer 19

Participation

Question 20

-Effective governance aims to achieve desired outcomes efficiently. This involves optimizing resource allocation and monitoring performance to ensure that goals are met.

Answer 20

Efficiency and Effectiveness

Question 21

-Ethical governance practices involve adhering to moral and ethical principles in decision-making, promoting fairness, and avoiding actions that harm individuals or society.

Answer 21

Ethical Considerations

Question 22

-The political power is vested in the people. Citizens have the right to participate in decision-making, typically through regular elections.

Answer 22

Democracy

Question 23

• It is a form of representative democracy where elected officials represent the interests of the people. It often includes a constitution to protect individual rights and limit government power. The United States is an example.

Answer 23

Republic

Question 24

where the monarch has almost complete power)

Answer 24

absolute

Question 25

where their powers are limited by a constitution or parliament

Answer 25

constitutional

Question 26

• It is a government system where a small, elite group of individuals or families holds political power and makes decisions for the state. These elites can come from various backgrounds, such as the military, business, or political class.

Answer 26

Oligarchy

Question 27

single person holds absolute and unchecked power. This form of government can be authoritarian, where individual rights and freedoms are severely restricted. North Korea is an example .

Answer 27

Autocracy

Question 28

• It exercises extensive control over many aspects of citizens’ lives, including the economy, media, and culture. They often use propaganda and surveillance to maintain power. North Korea and the former Soviet Union are historical examples.

Answer 28

Totalitarianism

Question 29

• There is no private ownership, and the state controls all resources. The goal is to achieve a classless society, but in practice, it often leads to a highly centralized government. The People’s Republic of China and Cuba

Answer 29

Communism

Question 30

-It emphasizes authoritarianism, nationalism, and the suppression of political opposition. They often centralize power in a single leader. Historical examples include Nazi Germany and Mussolini’s Italy.

Answer 30

Fascism

Question 31

-It is a government where religious leaders or religious institutions hold political power and make decisions based on religious principles and laws. Iran is an example

Answer 31

Theocracy

Question 32

• It is a union of sovereign states or regions that come together for common purposes, such as defense or trade. Each member retains a high degree of independence. The European Union is an example

Answer 32

Confederation

Question 33

It is the absence of a formal government or ruling authority. , individuals and communities are largely responsible for their own governance.

Answer 33

anarchy

Question 34

The discipline that studies the political and economic patterns of the world and the field that is being studied.

It is a dynamic field that evolves in response to changing geopolitical, economic, and technological factors.

Scholars, policymakers, and diplomats closely analyze these developments to understand their implications for the international system and seek ways to promote peace, stability, and cooperation on a global scale.

Answer 34

Global Politics/World Politics.

Question 35

It is a sovereign political entity with defined geographical boundaries and a stable population. It has its own government and the authority to make and enforce laws within its territory.
recognized as independent entities in the international system.
can vary in size and can be either large countries or small nations. Examples of include the United States, China, and Brazil.

Answer 35

State

Question 36

It is a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, or ethnicity and often have a sense of shared identity.
doesn’t necessarily correspond to a specific state or political entity.
can exist within a single state or span multiple states.

Answer 36

Nation

Question 37

It is a political entity where the boundaries of the state largely align with the boundaries of a specific nation.
, the majority of the population shares a common national identity. often idealized but rarely achieved in its purest form.

Answer 37

Nation-state

Question 38

It is a sovereign state consisting of a single city and its surrounding territory.
independent political entities with their own governments, laws, and sovereignty. Historically, were common in ancient times and played significant roles in trade, culture, and politics.

Answer 38

City State

Question 39

• it is the deepening of interactions between states.

Answer 39

Internationalization

Question 40

It is the political, military and other diplomatic engagement between two or more countries.

It is one of the facets of globalization.

Answer 40

International Relation

Question 41

It refers to the structure of the international system, where sovereign states are the primary actors. In this system, states interact with each other in various ways, including through diplomacy, trade, alliances, and conflict. The principles of state sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states are central to the functioning of this.

The theory of this holds that all states are defined through their relationship to other states or through participation in the world economy, and that divisions between states help to divide the world into a core, periphery and semi-periphery.

Answer 41

The Interstate System

Question 42

represents the most economically developed and technologically advanced regions of the world. regions typically have high levels of industrialization, infrastructure, and access to advanced technologies. They are often the centers of economic and political power and have a strong influence on the global economy. Examples include the United States, Western European nations, and Japan.

Answer 42

core

Question 43

refers to the least developed and economically disadvantaged regions in the world.
regions often lack advanced industrialization and infrastructure, leading to lower economic development and standards of living. They are typically dependent on the core for economic and political guidance. Examples of of this regions can include many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South Asia, and some parts of Latin America.

Answer 43

periphery

Question 44

represents an intermediate category between the core and periphery. These regions have some level of industrialization and economic development, but they may still be less economically advanced and politically influential than core countries.
regions often serve as bridges between the core and periphery, participating in global trade and economic systems. Examples include countries like Brazil, South Africa, and South Korea.

Answer 44

semi-periphery

Question 45

There are independent states or countries who rule themselves;.

These countries communicates with each other through diplomacy;

There are international institutions that enable these interactions;

International Institutions take on lives on their own in addition to enabling meetings among the government

Answer 45

Four Characteristics of Global Politics

Question 46

It is an international organization established on October 24, 1945.

It was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, the League of Nations, was created by theTreaty of Versailles in 1919 and disbanded in 1946.

The Philippines is one of its founding members (Date of Admission: 24-10-1945)

First General Secretary- Trygve Lie of Norway- Feb. 1, 1946–April 10, 1953.

Current General Secretary- António Guterres of Portugal, January 1, 2017.

Answer 46

United Nations (UN)

Question 47

It is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN.
Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters

Answer 47

General Assembly

Question 48

It has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Answer 48

Security Council

Question 49

It is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals. It serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the economic, social and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies. It has 54 Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. It is the United Nations’ central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development.

Answer 49

Economic and Social Council

Question 50

It was established in 1945 by the UN Charter, under Chapter XIII, to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories

Answer 50

Trusteeship Council

Question 51

The role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

Answer 51

International Court of Justice

Question 52

is Chief Administrative Officer of the Organization, appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term.
also a symbol of the Organization’s ideals, and an advocate for all the world’s peoples, especially the poor and vulnerable.

Answer 52

Secretary-General