Global Politics - Power - Unit 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Soft Power
“[Soft power] is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payment. It arises from the attractiveness of a country’s culture, political ideals, and policies….
Why is soft power effective?
…When you can get others to admire your ideals and to want what you want, you do not have to spend as much on sticks and carrots to move them in your direction.
Seduction is always more effective than coercion, and many values like democracy, human rights, and individual opportunities are deeply seductive.”
Joseph Nye, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics
Military Power
Easy to measure – total defence spending, total number of military personnel and equipment.
Economic Power
Again, easy to measure.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
GDP per capita
Economic growth %
World trade %
The basis for other resources.
Public services
Military
Social/cultural/charisma
Raises profile of an actor
Perception of importance.
Language etc.
Influences perceptions, ideas and behaviour.
Everyday life, norms.
Cyber or technological
Platform and technology for spread of ideas.
Vulnerability to cyber attacks and needs to invest in cyber security
Power to
power to bring about an outcome or resist change
Power over
the relationship of domination or subordination between groups or individuals
Power with
individuals or groups supporting each other to achieve a goal
Power within
empowerment
Direct violence
Physical force inflicted upon another person.
Structural violence
Any human-made structure that prevents someone from achieving their full potential.
Cultural violence
The way in which societies legitimize or justify any form of direct or structural violence.
Conflict
“A confrontation between one or more parties aspiring toward incompatible or competitive means or ends” (Galtung)
Latent and overt conflict
Conflicts can be “latent” (invisible) when there seems to be peace but there is a situation of inequality or oppression. The conflict has not (yet) manifested into an outright clash. When conflicts are visible they are “overt.”
Violence
the use of physical force or power, whether threatened or actual, that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in harm, injury, death, psychological harm, or deprivation. Violence can manifest in many forms, including direct physical violence, structural violence, and cultural violence, each impacting individuals, groups, or states differently.
Interstate and Intrastate conflict
Inter (between two or more states), Intra (within the borders of a single state.
Non-state conflict
Between non-state parties
Violent and Non-Violent conflict
“A violent conflict involves at least two parties using physical force to resolve competing claims or interests” (CGIAR), while a non-violent conflict plays out without the use of physical force.
Negative peace
The absence of active and organised violence.
Positive peace
A equitable and harmonious society where the causes of conflict are neutralised.
What does your definition of peace and conflict depend on?
Position
Interest
Culture
Aims
Contextual Situation
Definition of other terms
Equity
Political equality, economic equality and equality before the law
Harmony
“A harmonious society is a society in which all individuals works together despite differences or race, ethnicity, class or caste, religion, gender, sexual orientation or age” (Murphy and Gleek, p. 65).
