Global systems

Question 1

Solar energy

Answer 1

energy that comes from the sun(derived from the sun’s radiation), and light occurs across a spectrum. Photosynthesis is more efficient when exposed to blue and red lightwaves, as chlorophyll only absorbs certain wavelengths of light.

Question 2

Earth’s energy budget

Answer 2

illustrates the incoming and outgoing flow of energy on our planet.

Question 3

Visible light

Answer 3

all of the coulours you see in the rainbow(ROYGBV)

Question 4

Infrared light

Answer 4

• has wavelengths that are longer than red lights
• invisible
• felt as heat

Question 5

Ultraviolent radiation

Answer 5

• invisible
• wavelengths shorter than violet
• can cause skin burns, skin cancer and eye damage

Question 6

Albedo effect

Answer 6

a measure of how much incoming radiation a surface reflects

Question 7

Greenhouse effect

Answer 7

• certain gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, warming the planet
• these gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, act like a blanket, preventing some heat from escaping into space

Question 8

The water cycle

Answer 8

• the cycling of water through the lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere (all of the earth’s spheres)
• it is driven by solar energy.

Question 9

Transpiration

Answer 9

plants absorb water from the soil through their roots, transport it up the stem to the leaves, and release it into the atmosphere through stomata, small openings on the leaf surface

Question 10

Condensation

Answer 10

• Cooling of water vapor (gas) in atmosphere
• Water vapor condenses into water droplets (liquid) * forming clouds

Question 11

Precipitation

Answer 11

• Water drops formed by condensation fall to earth.
• Can fall as rain, snow or hail.

Question 12

Surface run off

Answer 12

the movement of water over the land surface, ultimately flows into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans, facilitating the transport of sediment, nutrients, and pollutants to different areas

Question 13

Infiltration

Answer 13

precipitation that falls onto land can soak into the soil, refilling groundwater sources

Question 14

Ground water flow

Answer 14

water that infiltrates into the soil becomes groundwater, which slowly moves through underground Aquifers

Question 15

Aquifer

Answer 15

an aquifer is an underground layer of permeable rock or soil that holds and transmits water

Question 16

Evaporation

Answer 16

the sun heats bodies of water, causing them to change from liquid to water vapor (gas) and rise into the atmosphere

Question 17

Freezing

Answer 17

• converts water from the liquid state to the solid state.
• acts as water storage
• Water is removed from cycle until melted

Question 18

Melting

Answer 18

• converts ice and snow back into liquid water
• after melting, snow and ice refills rivers, lakes, and oceans

Question 19

Sublimation

Answer 19

• transforms a solid straight into to a gas (skips liquid phase)
• Ice → water vapor

Question 20

Deposition

Answer 20

• transforms water vapor (gas) to ice (solid) – skips liquid phase
• forms ice, snow and glaciers

Question 21

Percolation

Answer 21

the movement of water through soil and rocks