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Global Systems Flashcards

1
Q

globalisation

A

a process by which national economies, societies, and cultures have become increasingly integrated through the global network of trade, communication, transport, and imigration

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2
Q

corporate domination

A

brand power

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3
Q

economy of scale

A

cost advantage of large scale output of a product as savings are made by spreading the costs over more units

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4
Q

example of a successful brand

A

coca cola

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5
Q

flows of capital

A

all financial transfers between companies for investment, trade, or production

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6
Q

remittance

A

transfers of money from migrants to relatives back home

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7
Q

migration

A

the outmigration of labour from poorer to richer countries

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8
Q

FDI

A

(foreign direct investments) money or assets investment by TNCs in overseas enterprises - either by merging with another company, setting up subsidiary companies, or through shares

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9
Q

BRIC

A

(Brazil, Russia, India, and China) rapid economic advances during the 90s

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10
Q

MINT

A

(Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) recently emerging economies after the year 2000

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11
Q

repatriation of profits

A

sometimes known as economic leakage, TNCs will extract profits from abroad and bring back to their HQ

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12
Q

sources of aid

A

either from NGOs, as bilateral agreements between 2 governments, or via multinational organisations e.g. the UN which puts aid from many nations together

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13
Q

IMF

A

(international monetary fund) which aims to allow economic stability and foster international trade

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14
Q

service

A

an economic activity, which is traded without the production of material goods - eg finances

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15
Q

high-level service

A

services to businesses such as finances, investment, and banking

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16
Q

low-level service

A

services to consumers such as banking, travel and tourism, or communication services

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17
Q

global shift

A

the movement of manufacturing to lower wage economies - this movement of labour is part of a wider division

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18
Q

labour division

A

split into high and low skilled

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19
Q

high skilled labour

A

high paid, decision making, research and managerial occupations, largely focussed in developed countries

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20
Q

low skilled labour

A

poorly paid assembly occupations, generally located in developing nations with low labour costs

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21
Q

factors in globalisation

A 
communication developments
transport developments
financial factors
security
management and information systems
trade blocs and agreements
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22
Q

transport developements

A

air transportation of goods
containerization
robotic warehouses and road transport
affordable air travel

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23
Q

protectionism

A

eg china, putting in place barriers to prevent and reduce trade in order to maintain internal markets and own manufacturing industries

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24
Q

trade and financial liberalisation

A

groups such as WTO encourages governments to remove tariffs and barriers to trsde. Idea is to encourage free movement of goods and services

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25
cost of a online security breach in the UK
£1.5 million
26
WCO
(world customs organisation) aim to stay ahead of crime relating to the movement of goods and services
27
HSBC is the world's ... largest bank
4th
28
HSBC total assets
$2.67 trillion
29
HSBC has 9500 branches in ... countries
85
30
examples in variations of the HSBC bank name
Hang Seng Bank, First Direct, Bank of Bermuda
31
what sort of manufacture does Toyota use
JIT (just in time)
32
aim of the G7
free trade
33
aim of the G20
give a voice to developing countries who felt that the WTO were not fully serving their interests
34
countries in the G7
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US
35
countries in the G20
there's 20 obvs including: | Argentina, Brazil, China, germany, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, SA, Turkey, US
36
the world bank
organisation of 188 countries who work to promote financial cooperation between countries to reduce poverty, this is normally in through the promotion of trade and high employment
37
UN
(united nations) international peace, security, and human rights promotes the development of poorer nations through work with the IMF and world bank
38
WTO
(world trade organisation) deals in the rules of trade between countries ensuring trade flows freely (overseas 97% of world trade)
39
IMF
(international monetary fund) promotes global economic stability by encouraging international trade
40
TNC
(transnational corporation) a global company which operates in more than one country, headquarters are often in MEDCs with factories in LEDCs where workers are cheaper
41
aim of OPEC
(organisation of petroleum exporting countries) coordinating and unify petroleum policies with fair and stable prices 11 countries who supply 40% of the worlds oil
42
trade agreement
just one prouct
43
aim of EFTA
(European free trade association) free trade and economic integration
44
countries in OPEC
these are just some Ecuador, Iran, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia
45
countries in EFTA
only four: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland
46
aim of the EU
common market and peace
47
countries in the EU
these are just some Austria, Spain, Greece, Germany, Malta, and the Netherlands
48
when was apple founded
1976 | very young company for its size
49
when did apple take over macintosh and what did the computers from this brand evolve into
1982 | applemac
50
why has apple seen huge growth since 2000
development of mobile and wifi services
51
apple is the .... largest IT company
second (behind samsung)
52
apple is the ... largest music retailer
first
53
how many full time employees does apple have?
98 000
54
apple has over 450 retail stores in ... countries
16
55
reasons for apple's success
Innovative, well-designed products Slick marketing and branding- loyal customers Highly mobile devices- fits market need Selling ancillary products i.e. musics and apps
56
where are 44% of apple's sales based
usa
57
why have apple seen rapid growth in the last 5 years in the asia-pacific market/
demand for the iphone
58
average market profile of an apple consumer
31 58% graduates earn 26% more than the national avrage
59
when do apple see a spike in sales
christmas and when competitors fail e.g. samsung notes catching fire
60
where are apple products designed
silicon valley
61
where are apple products made
china - foxconn | and imacs in ireland
62
why do apple locate their research and development in silicon valley
Have well qualified staff Good communication links Near to their largest market
63
where is apple's customer support and online call centre
ireland
64
advantages of migration/immigration
from the periphery to the centre which allows or cultural mixing e.g. india to the uk rural-to-urban migration for better education cheap labour and seasonal work that boosts economy via outsourcing
65
disadvantages of migration/immigration
skills/labour population loss in trade bloc periphery e.g. poland to the uk host loses money through remittance higher level of interdependence e.g. mexican remittance from the usa erosion of culture conditions migrants have to live in - slums
66
outsourcing
the movement of labour to developing nations to make use of cheap labour costs and less strict working conditions
67
issues of outsourcing in HICs
loss of jobs in HICs especially in manufacturing deindustrialisation, lose industries especially pollution ones structural unemployment (workforce lack needed skills) demultiplier effect
68
types of inequality
the difference between low and high income countries (and whether it's increasing or decreasing) and the inequalities that exist within a country (and how this is affected by globalisation)
69
HDI
human development index considers the GDP per capita, life expectancy, and adult literacy rate 1 is perfect 0 is bad
70
the Gini index
used to indicate internal inequality | 1 means the entire nations income goes to one person and 0 is the income is venly divided
71
factors impacting acess to trade
trade blocs, location, global systems, level of development, TNC involvement, political stability, history
72
where are shell's headquarters
netherlands but the parent company, Royal Dutch Shell, is in the UK
73
why have shell chosen to locate in the netherlands
easy access to EU | access good services despite their product being largely from Nigeria
74
Nigeria is the largest oil producer in africa and the ... largest in the world
8th
75
nigeria depends on the oil and gas industry for approximately ... of their export income and ... of overall government revenue
90% | 75%
76
for how many years has shell been involved in nigeria's economy, politics, and overall development?
50 years
77
benefits of shell being in nigeria for nigeria
brings reliable lighting and electrical power to people and small businesses
78
Import licence
A licence issued by national government authorising the importation of goods from a specific source
79
Import quotas
A physical limit on the quantity of goods that can be imported into the country
80
Subsidies
These are grants or allowances usually awarded for domestic producers to reduce their costs and make them more competitive against imports
81
Voluntary export restraints
This is a diplomatic strategy offered by the exporting country to appease the importing country and deter it from opposing trade barriers
82
Embargoes
These involve the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country (political rather than commercial)
83
Trade restrictions
Other import restrictions may be based on technical or regulatory obstacles such as the quality standards of goods being imported, or how they are produced (ie child labour)
84
Globalisation after ww2
Formation of the UN, IMF, and GATT (general agreement on tariffs and trade - now the WTO)
85
Free trade
The aim of the WTO, the idea that there are no barriers to trade and it can occur freely between all nations
86
why do companies want free trade?
outsourcing is cheaper as no taxes to bring it back, opens new markets, better access to primary products
87
top ten coffee producing countries
a lot found in south america because of geographical location LDCs NEEs e.g. brazil and Vietnam
88
how much is the coffee market worth
$42.5 billion
89
main consumers of coffee
US - consume over 20 million 60kg bags per year because of coffee chains like Starbucks
90
protectionism
a deliberate policy by government to impose restrictions on trade in goods and services with other countries - usually done with the intention of protecting home-based industries from foreign competitions
91
un
an international organisation founded in 1945 made up of 193 member states whose aim is to promote international peace and cooperation
92
how will ocean acidification affect antarctica
ecosystems projected to become so low in carbonate ions that the waters become corrosive to unprotected shells of organisms so this will affect the food webs
93
ipcc
international panel on climate change for Antarctica a governmental organisation involved in Antarctica
94
unfccc
united nations framework convention on climate change | a governmental organisation involved in antarctica
95
give three benefits of free trade
lower prices for consumers greater choice access to cheaper raw materials for tncs
96
give three costs of free trade
injustice (exploited ldcs) poor working conditions ldcs can't compete mdcs
97
Dimensions of globalisation
Flows of info, tech, and capital Flows of products and labour Flows of services and global marketing Patterns of production, distribution, and consumption
98
Oecd
Organisation for economic cooperation and development | 30 of the worlds richest countries
99
G8
65% of the worlds trade (Canada France Germany Italy Japan Russia uk USA
100
G20
Discusses methods to encourage economic growth (like the g8)
101
World bank
Promotes global investment and gives out loans

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