Global Test Flashcards by Anna Gatta

Ostrogoths

-Managed to preserve the Roman tradition of government
-Governed by own customs and their own officials
-In Italy

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Visogoths

-Inherited and continued to maintain much of Roman structure of government
-In Spain
-Population was allowed to maintain Roman intuitions while being largely excluded from power

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Describe Clovis. Why was Clovis eager to convert to Roman Catholicism?

Frankish Kingdom. 482-511. A member of the Merovingian dynasty. He gained him the support of the Roman Catholic Church which he was too eager to obtain the friendship of a major Germanic ruler who was Catholic Christian.

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Describe the German family structure

Males were dominate and made all important decisions. Women obeyed father until she was married and then fell under the legal domination of her husband. Most women only lived 30-40 years. Women, provided food and clothing, caring for children and helped with farming chores.

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Describe the organization of the Church

Bishop headed the Christian community in each city. The bishops of each Roman province were joined together under the direction of archbishop. Popes had been successful in extending papal authority over the Christian Church

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What is a monk? Describe like as Benedictine Monk

A man who sought to live a life divorced from the world in order to pursue an ideal of total dedication to God. Life as Benedictine Monk, you ate, worked, slept, and worshipped together

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Define Abbot

“father” of the monastery, who had complete authority over his fellow monks

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Describe Charles the Great

Charles the Great of Charlemagne lived 168-814. He was determined and decisive, intelligent and inquisitive, a strong statesman and a pious Christian

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Describe Missi Dominici

Was an important check on the power counts. “messenger of the lord king.”

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What was the legacy of Charlemagne

His power grew and so did his prestige as the most powerful Christian Ruler. It symbolized the fusion of Roman Christians

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After the death of Charlemagne; Europe experiences a time of chaos. Describe the impact of the Norseman on Europe

Most far-reaching attacks. Also known as Vikings. Boats enabled them to sail up European rivers and attack places at some distance inland. They sacked villages and towns, destroyed churches abd easily defeated small local armies

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Why did the conversion of the Vikings to Christianity help stabilize Europe

Cause they converted the Vikings were soon made a part of European civilization

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Due to invasions and fear, many area of Europe turned to feudalism. Describe it and why it was so popular during this time period

Feudalism is the bias form of social organization. Was never a cohesive system. Powerful nobles took control of large areas of land that’s why it was so popular

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Noble

Owned land

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Vassal

contract sworn between a lord and his subordinate

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Knight

heavily armored cavalry

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Fief

piece of land held from the lord by a vassal in return for military service

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Serf

bound to the land and required to provide labor services, pay rents and be subject to the lords jurisdiction

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Describe the manor

agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants

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Dates of the High Middle Ages

1000-1300

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What were two reasons for the surge in population during the High Middle Ages

-Conditions in Europe were more settled and more peaceful after the invasions
-Agricultural production surged after 1000

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Describe three ways in which farming was improved during the High Middle Ages

-Improvement in climate - better growing conditions
-expansion of cultivated or arable land accomplished by clearing forested areas
-Technological changes

Describe peasant life during the High Middle Ages

Quite simple. Their cottages were built with wood frames with wall made of laths or sticks, roofs were straws

Define aristocracy

nobility of people who held real political, economic and social power

describe chivalry

under the influence of the church it was an ideal civilized behavior

describe the power of women during the High Middle Ages

Could legally hold property most women remained under the control of men or fathers until they married

Define Agrarian

cultivation of land

Why was there a dramatic increase in trade?

People felt more safe to move around and travel more and not have to live in isolated manors

Describe the location of Flanders

Along the coast of present-day Belgium and northern France

Define capitalism

An economic system in which comerance and industry are controlled by private who invest in trade and goods in order to make profits

why was there a dramatic increase in use of actual money

as trade increased, both sliver and gold came to be indemand at fairs and trading markets of all kinds

the growth of trade resulted in the growth of cities. Why?

with in the increase of trade merchants began to settle in these old cities followed by craftspeople or artisans, they developed skills and saw new opportunity to ply their trade and make good. Then the old Roman cities came alive

define guild

craftsmen began to organize themselves in these

what would be a modern dat example of a guild?

Plumber, teacher

although the growth of cities was positive for Europe; what were 2 negative aspects of rapid development

-human wastes were deposited in backyards or on streets (Which smelt really bad) -River were polluted so they didn't use rivers to drink water so they relied on wells

what was life like for women in medieval cities

Supervising the household, purchasing food and preparing meals, raising the children and managing finances and helping husband with trade

describe the Franciscans

Lived among the people, preaching repentance and aiding the poor

how were the Dominicans different

order arose out of the desire of a Spanish priest to defend Church teachings from heresy. Unlike Francis, Dominic was an intellectual who was apelled by the growth of heresy

what were some church practices important to "ordinary people"

Saints were seen as men and women through their holiness had achieved a special position in heaven enabling them to act as intercessor with God

Universities were a major result of the High Middle Ages. What does university mean?

A corporation or guild and referred to either a corporation of teachers or a corporation of students

Where was the first university

Bologna, Italy

Explain a "Liberal Art" curriculum

consisted of grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy

Describe Scholasticism

Philosophical and theological system of medieval schools. Scholasticism tried to reconcile faith and reason to demonstrate that what was accepted on faith was in harmony with what could be learned by reason

Describe the importance of St Thomas Aquinas

He was the most famous attempt to reconcile Aristotle and doctrines of Christianity

Describe the Romanesque Architecture

Cathedral build in 11th and 12th century. They were built in the basilica shaped used in the construction of churches in late Roman Empire

What were 2 features made the construction of Gothic Cathedral possible

1) ribbed vaults 2) pointed arches -UPWARD MOVEMENT

why did the building of a Gothic Cathedral bring a community together

All the classes contributed to its construction. They all came together to help

define infidels

unbelievers

what was pope urban II's role in the First Crusade

He was preaching, he promised remission

why would many young men be interested in fighting in the crusade

people really wanted the holy land, they would go to heaven, a sense of adventure and a chance to work, and a chance of a young men to make a name for themselves

why did the first Crusade get the nickname "The Peasants Crusade"

Because they had a lot of peasant come and fight for the city

why were the Christians largely unsuccessful in all of their attempts to regain the Holy Land

They were peasants and hadn't trained for war. The other people had

what were 3 major impacts of the Crusades

-Economic Growth -Troubled Relationship between Muslim and Western World -Began to incorporate features adapted from fortresses the crusades saw that still stand today