Global Tourism (KQ2) Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
What is mass tourism?
A
- travel that involves large numbers of tourists visiting a particular place
2
Q
What is included in a packaged holiday?
A
- arranged tours by travel agents
- transportation, accommodation, meals provided
- knowledgeable guides
3
Q
What is niche tourism?
A
- special-interest tourism based on a particular area, interest or activity
4
Q
How is niche tourism carried out?
A
- independent travellers or combined with package tours
5
Q
What activities do niche tourism include?
A
- whale-watching
- whitewater rafting
- paragliding
- bungee jumping
6
Q
What is ecotourism?
A
- form of niche tourism
7
Q
How does ecotourism benefit the areas travelled to?
A
- responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment & improves the well-being of local people
- better appreciation of nature and biodiversity
- funds for ecological conservation
- fosters respect for different cultures and lifestyles
8
Q
Where to people visit for ecotourism?
A
- visits to national parks & nature reserves
- e.g. waitomo caves, New Zealand
9
Q
What are some reasons for the growth of tourism?
A
- developments in technology
- demand factors
- destination factors
10
Q
What is meant by developments in technology in tourism?
A
- better & more affordable transport
- more air routes & agreements (not in syllabus)
- ease of access to information
11
Q
How does better & affordable transport increase demand for tourism? (Better)
A
- greater safety
- shorter travelling time
- developments to commercial aircraft’s since the 1950s
- Singapore to London (from 4 days to 14 hours)
12
Q
How else does better and more affordable transport increase demand for tourism? (Affordability)
A
- lower travelling costs
- affordability: budget airlines
- low fares + rapid expansion within Europe, the americas and SEA
- greater fuel efficiency + online ticket sales = cheaper airfare
13
Q
How has ease of access of information aided the growth of tourism?
A
- allows travellers to buy their own tickets without having to go to a travel agent
- allows travellers to research tourist destinations by themselves
- better access to useful information
- e.g. places to visit, social etiquette, transport timetables
- allows travellers to view travel feedback and reviews
14
Q
What are some demand factors that caused a growth in tourism?
A
- disposable income
- changing lifestyle
- leisure time
15
Q
What is disposable income?
A
- amount of income an individual has left for saving and spending after taxes have been paid
16
Q
How has disposable income caused a growth in tourism?
A
- global rapid economic growth
- greater expenditure on travelling
17
Q
What countries have experienced rapid economic growth?
A
- China
- India
18
Q
What is leisure time?
A
- time when people are free from work responsibilities and commitments
19
Q
What does leisure time mean for middle to high income groups?
A
- comes in the form of paid leave
- with more income and paid leave, people are more inclined to travel
20
Q
What changed in the 1950s that caused people to travel more?
A
- shorter working weeks
- more holidays
- more paid leave
21
Q
How have shorter work weeks and more holidays and more paid leave impacted tourism?
A
- increased availability of leisure time allows more people to travel
22
Q
What are some examples of leisure time from work in different countries?
A
- overtime work exchanged for leave in Australia
- increase in additional breaks and extended weekends in Canada
23
Q
What does changing lifestyle refer to?
A
- a change in the way people live throughout their lifetime and from generation to generation
24
Q
What is today’s pace of life like?
A
- much faster
25
What has the faster pace of life caused?
- people in the workforce finding themselves spending long hours at work beyond official working hours
- thus travelling is a way for people to relax and take a break from work (escapism)
26
What percentage of tourist travel is for leisure?
- 51%
27
What have advancements in medicine and knowledge done for leisure tourism?
- people are more health conscious
- they lead healthier lifestyles
- this causes people to live longer
- they are more physically fit to travel frequently
28
Who travels more nowadays due to advancements in medicine and knowledge?
- (healthier) retirees
29
What are some examples of retirees being major contributors to tourism?
- Caribbean and Mediterranean cruises
- grey nomads (Australian outback)
- grey nomads spend a lot of time travelling in mobile homes or vehicles
- to explore remote parts of the country
30
What are the destination factors that have resulted in the growth of tourism?
- attractions
- infrastructure and services
- access to information
31
What are attractions?
- some are natural
- others are built
- places of scenic beauty are natural attractions
- medical services, educational facilities and theme parks are built attractions
32
What may happen to a country without built attractions?
- theme park tourists are less likely to visit
33
What is one example of a country with built attractions?
- Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- received more than 15 million travellers in 2017
- tourists mainly visit Dubai for shopping, business and entertainment
- draws millions of visitors with its retail and luxury outlets, MICE facilities, luxury hotels and large scale architecture
- Dubai is known for the Burj al Arab, a seven star luxury hotel and the palm
34
What falls under the category of infrastructure?
- transport
- accommodation
35
What is meant by transport as a destination factor?
- airport expansion & development
36
What is an example of an airport that has undergone airport expansion & development
- Singapore Changi Airport
37
What has been the result of Singapore’s airport expansion and development?
- 73-85 million passengers/year
38
What is meant by accommodation as a destination factor?
- wide variety of accommodation to cater to different tourist budgets
39
What is meant by services as a destination factor?
- food outlets
- entertainment
- telecommunication networks
- e.g. wifi in hotel rooms/lobbies/cafes
- trained personnel
- e.g. hotel managers, restaurateurs, guides, drivers, porters, cleaners
40
What falls under the category of access to information?
- easy access to travel related info
- e.g. transport routes, schedules, weather conditions
- trained and experienced local tour guides
41
What must be done to ensure access to information?
- information must be made available in a language the tourist can understand
- e.g. different languages on tourist signs or translators
42
What are the reasons for regional fluctuations in tourism?
- disasters
- regional & global recession
- political instability
- disease outbreaks
43
How do disasters cause fluctuations in tourism?
- greater safety risks
- disrupted tourism infrastructure
- disasters can also discourage citizens of the affected country from travelling overseas
44
What was an example of a disasters that affected tourism and what were its effects?
- Tohoku earthquake , Japan (march 2011)
- tsunami & nuclear meltdown
- tourism fell sharply
- total tourist arrivals fell by 28% to 6.2 million
- tourist arrivals from Japan fell in South Korea by 12% in March 2011
45
What are the effects of a recession?
- economic activities slowdown
- loss of jobs/income
- less demand for goods & services
- less travelling
46
What are the different types of recessions?
- regional
- global
47
What is an example of a regional recession?
- European sovereign debt crisis 2010
48
What is an example of a global recession?
- global financial crisis 2007-2008
49
What happened in Europe + N. America + East Asia in 2008-2010?
- recession experienced
- international visitors staying shorter lengths of time + spending less in Egypt, Morocco & Greece
- domestic tourism more affordable
50
What does political conflict cause?
- danger
- service disruption
- infrastructure damage
51
What do the effects of political conflict cause?
- tourists cancel/postpone their travel plans
52
What is an example of a country that had political instability and what did it cause?
- 2011 civil war in Libya
- no commercial flights into the country (Mar-Oct)
53
What are the characteristics of a disease outbreak?
- sudden and widespread occurrence
54
How do disease outbreaks affect tourism and why?
- tourism to countries affected decreases
- tourists want to avoid infection
55
What are some examples of disease outbreaks and did they cause?
- 2003 SARS
- spread over 6 months
- 775 deaths
- >8000 infected in 25 countries
- 2007 H1N1 influenza in USA, Mexico and Spain
- widespread cancellations of holiday bookings
- 2019/2020 COVID-19 pandemic
- inability travel for 2 years (increase or decrease abit)
