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Global Final > Global Unit 3-4 > Flashcards

Global Unit 3-4 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Islam

A

Submission to the will of Allah

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2
Q

Qur’an

A

Holy book of Islam

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3
Q

Shari’a

A

Islamic system of law

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4
Q

Hajj

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca

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5
Q

Caliph

A

A title meaning “successor” or deputy in Arabic

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6
Q

Jihad

A

Means “striving”; can refer to an inner struggle or an armed struggle

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7
Q

Sunni

A

Followers of Muhammad’s example who accepted the Umayyads’ rule

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7
Q

Calligraphy

A

Art of beautiful handwriting

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7
Q

Algebra

A

A branch of mathematics introduced by Al-Khwarizmi

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7
Q

Shi’a

A

Party of Ali, believed the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad

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8
Q

Justinian Code

A

A collection of laws that streamlined and updated Roman legal principles

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9
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

A grand church built by Justinian, symbolizing the link between church and state

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10
Q

Nika Rebellion

A

A major revolt against Justinian, quelled by his general Belisarius

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11
Q

Iconoclasm

A

The rejection and destruction of religious images and icons

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12
Q

Varangians

A

Viking adventurers who settled among the Slavs and founded Russian cities

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13
Q

Kiev

A

Important trade city and early Russian state

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14
Q

Abbasids

A

Islamic caliphate that ruled from the eighth century until weakened by internal and external forces

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15
Q

Seljuks

A

Turkish group that rose to power in the tenth century, known for their military prowess and cultural integration with Persians

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16
Q

Crusades

A

Series of religious wars initiated by Western Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule

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17
Q

Mongols

A

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia who created the largest contiguous land empire in history under Genghis Khan

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18
Q

Song Dynasty

A

Followed the Tang, known for stability and prosperity despite losing northern territories

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19
Q

Civil Service Examinations

A

System to select scholar-officials, revived by the Tang

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20
Q

Steppe

A

The vast grassland region of Eurasia

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21
Q

Pastoralists

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A

Nomadic people who herd domesticated animals

22
Pax Mongolica
The period of Mongol peace and stability across Eurasia
23
Yuan Dynasty
Mongol dynasty in China established by Kublai Khan
24
Ming Dynasty
Chinese dynasty that overthrew the Mongols in 1368, succeeding the Yuan Dynasty
25
Golden Horde
Mongol Khanate ruling over Russia until 1480
26
Shinto
Early Japanese religion based on nature worship and reverence for ancestors
27
Heian Period
Era in Japanese history marked by a refined court society
28
Bushido
Code of conduct followed by samurai warriors, emphasizing honor and courage
29
Shogun
Military dictator of Japan, holding real power during the feudal era
30
Franks
A Germanic tribe that inhabited the region of Gaul (modern-day France) during the early Middle Ages and played a significant role in the formation of the Carolingian Empire
31
Monastery
A secluded community of monks or nuns, where individuals devoted their lives to religious practices, study, and manual labor, often under the rule of an abbot or abbess
32
Secular
Pertaining to worldly or non-religious matters, as opposed to spiritual or ecclesiastical concerns
33
Carolingian Dynasty
A ruling family that emerged in the Frankish kingdom during the 8th century, named after its most prominent figure, Charlemagne, who became the first Holy Roman Emperor
34
Lord
A noble landowner who granted land to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and military service
35
Fief
A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for the vassal's loyalty and military service
36
vassal
a person who held land from a lord in exchange for loyalty and military service
37
knight
a mounted warrior in medieval Europe who pledged military service to a lord in exchange for land
38
serf
a peasant who was legally bound to the land they worked and subject to the control of the lord
39
Chivalry
the medieval code of conduct observed by knights, emphasizing qualities such as honor, courage, courtesy, and loyalty
40
Tournament
a medieval contest of skill and prowess between knights, often including jousting, swordplay, and other marital arts
41
troubadour
a medieval poet-musician who composed and performed songs, often about chivalry, courtly love, and heroic deeds
42
Clegry
The body of ordained religious officials, including priests, bishops, and other church leaders
43
Sacrament
A religious ceremony or ritual regarded as imparting divine grace such as baptism or the Eucharist
44
Canon law
the body of law and regulations governing the Christian Church, based on religious teachings and ecclesiastical authority
45
Lay investiture
The practice of secular rulers appointing church officials, such as bishops, which was a source of conflict between secular and ecclesiastical powers during the Middle Ages
46
Simony
The buying or selling of sacred or spiritual things, such as church offices or pardons
47
Reconquista
The long-term Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim control, culminating in the fall of Granada in 1492
48
Inquisition
A series of ecclesiastical tribunals established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy and enforce religious orthodoxy
49
three-field system
An agricultural system introduced in medieval Europe, involving the rotation of three fields to maximize agricultural productivity
50
guild
An association of craftsmen or merchants in medieval towns, organized to regulate trade, training, and standards of craftsmanship
51
Commercial Revolution
The expansion of trade, commerce, and economic activity in medieval Europe, leading to the growth of towns and the emergence of a money-based economy
52
Magna Carta
A charter of liberties granted by King John of England in 1215, limiting the power of the monarchy and establishing certain legal rights for subjects
53
Parliament
A legislative body in England, consisting of representatives from different social classes, which evolved over time to become a check on royal authority
54
Great Schism
A split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, during which there were two, and at times three, claimants to the papacy
55
Bubonic plague
A deadly epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted through fleas infesting rats, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, resulting in millions of deaths
56
Hundred Years' War
A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453, primarily over territorial claims and the English monarch's attempts to control French territories

Global Final (2 decks)

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