Globalisation Flashcards

Question

Why do the US and China not score as well on the KOF index as one might expect in relation to their GDP?

Answer 1

Because the KOF index measures international trade, though these countries do have international trade they have very large domestic markets which are not taken into account in the KOF index

Answer 2

Political engagement - participation in IGO's Technological connectivity - number of servers Personal Contact - telephone calls, remittances Economic Integration - Volume of international trade and FDI

Answer 3

Uses more holistic indicators and also volumes of trade as well as FDI Means countries like USA score better on this index than the KOF index

Answer 4

13 out of 15

Answer 5

Geographical location Unstable economy High debt Corrupt government

Answer 6

It is landlocked so unable to easily ship goods Heavily in debt to countries such as China Produces lots of copper but copper price is falling

Answer 7

80% of population are employed in agriculture (mostly cotton farming) Due to overproduction cotton prices regularly fall GDP fluctuates However, some of their debts are being cancelled allowing them to invest in schools and healthcare

Answer 8

The shift of manufacturing from Europe and the USA to Asian countries like China

Answer 9

Many Asian countries welcomed FDI from TNCs TNCs sought for areas to outsource cheap labour to FDI began to flow into emerging Asian markets

Answer 10

Close political links to UK Large English speaking populations Good technical universities

Answer 11

Investment in infrastructure Reductions in poverty - 680 million less people in poverty since 1980 Increased income - Income has risen by 10% per year Better education and training - creates a skilled workforce

Answer 12

Loss of farmland - 3 million hectares of farmland is polluted Increase in unplanned settlements - people develop housing on farmland without permission Pollution and Health problems - estimated 4400 people die of pollution-related disease per day in China Land degradation - soil erosion due to acidification from industrial emissions Over-exploitation of resources - now exploiting other countries for their resources, like Ecuador and Venezuela Loss of Biodiversity - China's biodiversity reduced by 50%, due to loss of habitat from resource exploitation

Answer 13

Areas, such as Leicester that were industrial centres underwent deindustrialisation Many of the textile factories were forced to close which led to dereliction. Derelict buildings are often contaminated and as such can't be developed Inner city areas in Leicester saw massive unemployment and deprivation

Answer 14

A city with major global influence They are where major political and economic decisions are made Attract many economic migrants as well as capital e.g London or New York

Answer 15

New Delhi, India

Answer 16

High birth rate and low death rate (high rate of natural increase High rates of rural to urban migration These migrants consist of poor people with limited opportunity in their villages and the rich who who want a better standard of living

Answer 17

Something that 'pulls' someone towards an area

Answer 18

Something that 'pushes' someone away from an area and into another

Answer 19

Governments struggle to provide services such as housing and education Private companies provide these services but only the rich can afford Rise of Shanty towns Accommodation becomes more unaffordable and the number of homeless rise

Answer 20

Air quality - New Delhi has the worst in the world, Air pollution is India's 5th largest killer Sewage pollution - slums and shanty towns don't have proper pluming so waste flows in open sewers and pollutes rivers

Answer 21

As a country becomes more gloablised they have an increase in the number of migrants working in their cities They also have an increase in number of people working in foreign countries from there This is increased by a countries participation in certain IGO's such as the EU as well as developments in transport

Answer 22

It is a foreign migrant that provides a considerable service be it through a highly skilled job or wealth. For example a football player or CEO of a large TNC

Answer 23

Qatari investment has bought into the Shard and Harrods 1/3 of all residential property purchases in London were by wealthy Russians

Answer 24

UAE has labour shortages They employ migrant workers from countries that have a surplus of workers e.g India or Pakistan 90% of the UAE's workforce is from overseas This is referred to as mass low-wage economic migrations

Answer 25

Host nation receives workers Migrant workers will often work undesirable jobs Can often balance an ageing population with young workers Source country can reduce unemployment as people travel to find work Source country can earn remittance payments, boosting economy

Answer 26

Host country can experience social pressures (housing, education, healthcare) These can cause social tensions between right wing groups and the migrant groups Source country may loose lots of skilled workers (brain-drain) Source country can suffer an imbalanced population as many young people leave.

Answer 27

The loss of traditional cultures such as a loss of language or traditional food

Answer 28

They have become more globalised in recent years and as such have had an increase in tourism This has caused certain areas to loose traditional cultures The coast is changing as small villages are being replaced by tourist resorts

Answer 29

Cuba has been a communist state for many years Globalisation has increased communication with Cuba This has allowed wester values to spread here which has led to a relaxation of the communist regime here This is known as cultural diffusion

Answer 30

Where all cultures are merging into one very similar 'global culture' This global culture is heavily based on western cultures more so than Eastern cultures

Answer 31

Because a small group of companies dominate global culture and are diluting world culture to a western-style one 5 companies own 90% of music market

Answer 32

Disabled people in China are still marginalised and abused However, since the Paralympics were held there in 2012, the attitude towards disabled people has started to change

Answer 33

Iran - Barbie dolls were banned because they were showing skin in an un-Islamic fashion France - Limited how much foreign culture could be broadcast on TV because they felt it was diluting French culture

Answer 34

Asian countries' GDP has increased rapidly China's richest 1% own 1/3 of the property and Industrial wealth Every global region's GDP has increased but the development gap has widened

Answer 35

GNI (Gross National Income) - value of goods and services earned by a country (includes overseas earning) GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - Doesn't include foreign earnings PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) - Relates average earnings to local price

Answer 36

Life Expectancy Education (literacy rate, years in education) GDP per capita (with PPP)

Answer 37

Reproductive Health - as women become more equal the number of children they have decreases Empowerment - More women in politics Education and Employment - More women attend university as they become more equal

Answer 38

Gini Index

Answer 39

Low Gini coefficient suggests a more equal income distribution High Gini Index suggests a unequal income distribution

Answer 40

Open Borders - EU members had free movement of people Freedom to invest in business or transfer capital - Anyone can trade in shares without using London Stock Exchange FDI - UK attracted 32,000 jobs from overseas owned companies investing in software and financial services

Answer 41

Immigration conflicts Trans-border Water Conflicts

Answer 42

People feel that migrants are taking up jobs and houses when they shouldn't be Extreme right-wing movements (like the EDL) are gaining popularity Since 2014, these issues have been exacerbated by the Syrian refugee crisis

Answer 43

The Mekong River is a major river in South East-Asia Countries like China want to build HEP dams but damming the river would cause huge effects downstream So poorer countries like Laos and Cambodia content this as they rely on the river for agriculture

Answer 44

The belief in free flows of people, capital, finance and resources to lead to development

Answer 45

Censorship - In China, the free flow of ideas is seen as a threat to the communist party. So the government censor the media to protect against this Limiting Immigration - US president Donald Trump wanted to build a wall across the Mexican border to prevent free movement of people Trade Protectionism - Cheap steel from China was being 'dumped' onto global market. Tata steel threatened to close UK steel plants. A solution was to increase tariffs (as the US did) but this was against WTO rules

Answer 46

In Canada there has been extensive Oil and Gas exploitation in 2013, 6/21 of the ongoing projects nearly collapsed due to protests from traditional communities This was done because they felt the sites were threatening their cultural identity

Answer 47

The rising middle class in HICs have more money to spend They get used to having what they want and so use more resources such as energy, hot water and eat foods that are out of season (thus imported) This is making the world increasingly unsustainable and globalisation means more countries are becoming like this e.g China

Answer 48

A Town that aims to have sustainable development This is done by: Reducing consumption by reusing items Reducing waste and pollution Meeting local needs through local production where possible e.g Totnes Devon

Answer 49

Every £10 spent in local economy is worth £23 to the local economy (multiplier effect) Therefore, local people gain employment as well as investment in local economy

Answer 50

Threaten global trade as they reduce demand for overseas goods Developed countries rely on a 'throw away' culture for economic growth Some services, e.g transport, are controlled centrally so can't be sourced locally Difficult to achieve in a large scale city e.g London

Answer 51

WTO trade liberalisation can mean that growers are exploited and receive a fraction of the value of the product Fair-trade aims to give them a bigger cut

Answer 52

Starbucks Coffee Uses fair-trade coffee beans from Guatemala, Costa Rica and Peru However, in 2014, only 8.5% of their coffee was fair-trade

Answer 53

Where you try to only buy things that are more ethical e.g Buying from local farmers market or food that is in season Buying fair-trade goods

Answer 54

More local farmers markets, especially in rural areas M&S now only sell Fair-trade tea and coffee

Answer 55

Buying organic destroys more forests because with no fertilisers more land is required to produce the same amount Fair-trade increases overproduction, causing prices to fall which leaves farmers no better off

Answer 56

In 2004, only 23% of waste was recycled Now that is 45% In 2000, 79% of waste went to landfill by 2014, that was only 30%