Globalisation

Question 1

How has transport contributed to globalization?

Answer 1

improved aviation and containerization = $6.4 trillion air cargo in 2012

Question 2

How has technology contributed to globalization?

Answer 2

Napster influenced growth of e-commerce = 150m worldwide internet users

Question 3

Pros and cons of World Bank

Answer 3

+ lends £ for development

- invests in fossil fuels

Question 4

Pros and cons of IMF

Answer 4

+ bails countries like Greece

- imposes strict regulations like cutting back spending on healthcare

Question 5

Pros and cons of WTO

Answer 5

+ helps resolve trade disputes

- failed to subsidize richer countries like the UK

Question 6

EU contribution to globalization

Answer 6

free trade + movement of people

Question 7

ASEAN contribution to globalization

Answer 7

creating peace: not creating nuclear weapons

Question 8

China’s Open Door Policy

Answer 8

by 1990s: 50% of China’s GDP were generated in SEZ’s

Question 9

UK’s Sunday Trading Law

Answer 9

attracted TNCs and FDIs to invest into country

Question 10

Ways of measuring globalization

Answer 10

AT Kearney + KOF Index

Question 11

AT Kearney

Answer 11

12 indicators across:

• economic integration
• technological connectivity
• political engagement
• personal contact

Question 12

KOF Index

Answer 12

24 indicators across:

• social globalization
• economic globalization
• political globalization

Question 13

KOF Index con

Answer 13

bias: Ireland on top as FDI is a large % of economic globalization

Question 14

AT Kearney (and KOF Index) con

Answer 14

who decides which indicator is most important?

Question 15

TNCs cons in Nigeria

Answer 15

• Ogale community of 40 000 - majority are fishermen - Shell oil spillages pollute waters = damaging fishing industry
• 3-inch refined oil floating on water = damaging water supply = threatening health

Question 16

Glocalisation examples

Answer 16

• Halal meat in Dubai by McDonald’s

- MTV - appropriate for countries with strong faiths in East Asia

Question 17

Outsourcing

Answer 17

getting a different company to produce a piece of your product for you

Question 18

Off-shoring

Answer 18

having a factory in a different country

Question 19

TNCs general cons

Answer 19

• exploiting workers
• low pay
• bad working environment - unsafe conditions
• long hours of work

Question 20

How is DRC switched off?

Answer 20

• physical/ environment: rich in gold and copper - unable to use due to lack of technology
• political: corrupt leader Mobutu - dictatorship - authoritarian
• economic: leader keeps all income = productivity + economy levels decrease

Question 21

Global shift impact on HICs (Redcar)

Answer 21

• deindustrialization
• job losses
• minimum wage jobs
• brownfield land

Question 22

Global shift in India in what?

Answer 22

call centre = increase in service sector as TNCs invest by off-shoring software development + by outsourcing R&D innovation centres for firms like Google + Microsoft

Question 23

Global shift in China in what?

Answer 23

factories

Question 24

Pros and cons of global shift to India

Answer 24

+ life expectancy 38 to 68
+ TNCs develop skills
- increased inequality (Gini Coefficient) - Dharavi = 1 toilet for 1000

Question 25

Pros and cons of global shift to China

Answer 25

+ poverty rate decrease from 84% to 10% + infrastructure investment - rail systems - air pollution kills 1.6m a year - 390m use contaminated water a year - overexploitation of resources = wiped out Ecuador Amazonian Forest

Question 26

Pros and cons of migration from India to UAE to the host

Answer 26

host = UAE + larger workforce = increased economic growth - remittances leak out of UAE economy

Question 27

Pros and cons of migration from India to UAE to the source

Answer 27

source = India + Kerala is biggest benefactor of remittances - 60% out of $80b in 2018 - Kefala system = trapping women in deplorable conditions - suicide rates: in 2019, nearly 34 000 recorded since 2014

Question 28

Pros and cons of migration from Russian oligarchs to London to the host

Answer 28

host = London + Russian spend on luxury goods - house prices increasing = locals outbought

Question 29

Pros and (cons) of migration from Russian oligarchs to London to the source

Answer 29

source = Russia | + Russian investment into stock market = £260b on London stock exchange from 28 Russian firms in London

Question 30

Cause of growth of megacities

Answer 30

- push-pull factors | - natural increase

Question 31

Impacts of growing megacities

Answer 31

Mumbai - continuing growth of squatter settlement - pressure on housing and healthcare - resources - pushing cities to green land and outskirts of cities = losing green environment to urbanization

Question 32

Cultural diffusion costs

Answer 32

tribes in Papa New Guinea: - wanting better lives like the West so they hunt and kill endangered species to sell to make income - loss of the Welsh language - China meat consumption - 5kg to 63kg per capita annually from the 1960s to now - meat production is 60% of all food production which contributes to greenhouse gases

Question 33

Cultural diffusion opportunities

Answer 33

- LGBTQ+ accepted - Paralympics - men and women equal rights - women in education

Question 34

Cultural diffusion political tension

Answer 34

- China/ South Korea censorship - French Islamaphobia - banning burka - rise of extremist views

Question 35

Ways to measure development

Answer 35

``` economic: - GDP - gross domestic product - GNI - gross national income social: - HDI - human development index - GII - gender inequality index environment: - air pollution ```

Question 36

Gini Coefficient

Answer 36

measure of area between Lorenz curve and line of absolute equality

Question 37

Gini coefficient examples

Answer 37

Poland 0.2 | Brazil over 0.6

Question 38

Limiting globalisation

Answer 38

- censorship - migration control - trade protectionism

Question 39

Censorship example

Answer 39

China: - lying about air quality - banning apps like Facebook

Question 40

Migration control examples

Answer 40

- Australia's point-based system | - Trump wall between Mexico and USA

Question 41

Trade protectionism example

Answer 41

India has 13.8% - highest among other large economies

Question 42

Retaining cultural identity

Answer 42

First Nations: - Jumbo Wild: 90% residents opposed -- home to sacred spirit - Fracking: water issues = threaten fish supply - Bakken Project in Alberta: oil sands and shale mining

Question 43

Diasporas

Answer 43

- Filipinos and Indians majorly in the service sector of the NHS - Bangladeshi in London: contributes to economy - culture, businesses, food

Question 44

Transition towns

Answer 44

use bottom-up initiatives and prioritize local sourcing rather than global sourcing

Question 45

Define bottom-up initiatives

Answer 45

locals making decisions

Question 46

Con of transition towns

Answer 46

- works for people with high income as local sourcing is more expensive - works only small scale

Question 47

Fairtrade

Answer 47

- higher income for farmers | - decreased pesticide by 80%

Question 48

Recycling

Answer 48

less waste in landfill

Question 49

'Keep Britain Tidy'

Answer 49

decreases wastage + changes locals attitudes