Globalisation

Question 1

Albrow

Answer 1

Globalisation is not experienced by everyone as those who live away from global impacts will not be affected by it

Question 2

Giddens

Answer 2

1. New riskiness
2. Detraditionalisation
3. Positive changes
4. Expert systems
5. Addiction or fundamentalism

Question 3

Ritzer

Answer 3

1. McDonaldisation means local cultures are disappearing under pressure predominantly American fast food restaurants.
2. Cultural homogenisation means cultures become the same around the world

Question 4

Carter

Answer 4

Investigated cyberspace where users formed strong friendships which they pursued offline too by meeting people face to face

Question 5

Castells

Answer 5

People who are not included in the networked global society are excluded because they don’t have the same access to jobs, friends and information. It has become a form of social capital

Question 6

Boyle

Answer 6

Western capitalist ideas have become dominant across all forms of media because digital forms of media developed most rapidly in the West. This is called media convergence

Question 7

Boyle

Answer 7

Prosumers are producers and consumers of media content

Question 8

Locke and Pascoe

Answer 8

Electronic communication can be liberating because marginalised groups can speak more freely and will be heard

Question 9

McGonigal

Answer 9

Gaming can help young people deal with boredom and anger, learn to be creative, problem solve, work with others and deal with failure

Question 10

Miller

Answer 10

Facebook helps people to maintain good relationships especially to compensate for geographical distance

Question 11

Carr

Answer 11

The internet is making us stupid. He argues our attention spans are falling and we skim information

Question 12

Turkle

Answer 12

1. Alone together. People do not connect face to face anymore and spend time on digital devices.
2. Goldilocks effect. People are used to things being just right online and want everything to be just right in the real world

Question 13

Adorno

Answer 13

The media creates a false psychological need for consumer goods. This fuels capitalism

Question 14

Haraven

Answer 14

Women can transcend their gender in order to focus on aspects of their identity, therefore avoiding sexual assumptions

Question 15

Walters

Answer 15

Digital world creates a hypersexual culture as young women are sexualised and this creates an unrealistic expectation of women

Question 16

Stoll

Answer 16

Anonymity online will erode social trust and indirect online communication is isolating

Question 17

Holmes

Answer 17

He found that most of the people who people communicate with online are people they already know from face-to-face contacts

Question 18

Bjorkland

Answer 18

He suggests that people enjoy recording their life events on Facebook and creating an identity online

Question 19

Hart

Answer 19

Identity is created nowadays both online and offline

Question 20

Cross

Answer 20

An issue with digital media is that people can narrow their media intake by choosing what they want to see and this means we see a less diverse view of the world and continue with our pre-existing beliefs

Question 21

Jenkins

Answer 21

Those who have more power can choose their identity whereas as those with less power cannot

Question 22

Katz and Sugiyama

Answer 22

Mobile phones affect young people’s identity as they are seen as a status symbols and a fashion statement

Question 23

Palmer/Murray

Answer 23

Parents allow their children to be ‘babysat’ by the TV and this is detrimental to their development

Question 24

Putnam

Answer 24

‘Bowling alone’ finding that people were less and less likely to be part of community groups and sports

Question 25

LSE

Answer 25

1/3 of daily and weekly users aged 9-19 had received unwanted sexual or nasty comments online or by text. Only 7% of parents were aware and only 4% that their child had been bullied online

Question 26

Kross and Verduyn

Answer 26

Followed a sample of 82 Facebook users and found that the more someone uses Facebook the less satisfied they are with their life

Question 27

Youthnet

Answer 27

Young people who have grown up using social media are ‘digital natives’. They argue that the internet allows young people to be creative and empowers them. 45% said they felt happiest when online and 75% said they couldn’t live without the internet

Question 28

Carter

Answer 28

Studied cybercity and found that people formed relationships that they would carry out face to face and it helps to break down boundaries of geography and relationships are being created between people of all sorts

Question 29

Boellstorff

Answer 29

Ethnographic study in Second Life and supports Carter by saying virtual worlds can be a liberating place of interaction and complex relationships

Question 30

Kraut

Answer 30

Gave 93 a PC and found that loneliness, depression and daily stress increased

Question 31

Shaw and Gant

Answer 31

Found that online interactions decreased people’s loneliness and depression and increased self esteem and social support

Question 32

Aditi Paul

Answer 32

Couples who met online were more likely to break up than if they met offline

Question 33

Baudrillard

Answer 33

Signified and signifier. | The signifier is the symbol of picture which symbolises the signified

Question 34

Martens and D’Haenens

Answer 34

Social classes were the most powerful in terms of digital divide. Lower classes had lower internet use and were more likely to use it for entertainment rather than knowledge and information

Question 35

LSE

Answer 35

Children from middle class backgrounds had parents with better knowledge that could teach them how to use the internet for knowledge and lower class were more likely to be victims of the digital divide as their parents could not teach them

Question 36

Kleeman

Answer 36

Men appear to have more power as only 13% of Wikipedia editors are women. Information therefore has a male bias

Question 37

Haraway

Answer 37

Technology allows people to transcend their biology and create new identities. Cyborgs

Question 38

Curran and Seaton

Answer 38

They see transcending gender as oppressing because this means there is pressure face to face so people use virtual worlds to escape this oppression

Question 39

Ceislik and Pollack

Answer 39

Rise in media consumption has led to a risk society. They argue an anorexia subculture has emerged online which may be used by young women to try and take control of their uncertain lives

Question 40

Berry

Answer 40

Old people have a low internet use 1. Cost 2. Uninterested 3. Lack of skills 4. Physical disability