Globalisation and crime Flashcards
What is globalisation? mcgrew def
Refers to the shrinking of the world in a social, cultural and economic sense. The sociologist defined as the process, whereby events, decisions, and activities in one part of the world have significant consequences of people in quite different parts of the globe. This is all done through development of a travel and technology.
ian taylor Globalisation and crime (near Marxist)
He looked at how global capitalism allows multinational corporate to move from country to country in the search for profitability. Increased unemployment. He thinks that underclass criminality is caused by material deprivation. Increase in part time, jobs encourages illegal, work and people to claim benefits.
drug trafficking
Drug trade was first the legal sector to maximise profits in a global world. Drugs made in South America make their way to the UK and US via well-established route. Globalisation has made this easier. Illegal drug use is responsible for 50,000 deaths each year in America.
People trafficking
It is an old human history, but is made easier and more profitable by globalisation adults of traffic for prostitution, forced labour and removal of organs. Same as children.
Cybercrime
Cybercrime is one of the fastest-growing criminal activities. Covers a wide range of illegal activities, like financial scams, bullying and identity theft. It has been made possible by reliance on computers. Estimated to be committed every 10 seconds in the UK. Hackers have broken banks.
manuel castells Argues theres now a global criminal economy worth over 1 trillion per annum. This takes a number of forms of crimes, such as
Sex, tourism, trafficking, body, parts, cyber crimes, green crimes, smuggling of illegal goods, drug trade, money laundering.
The global criminal economy has both a ____ side & a ____ side. And what could it not survive without?
Both the demand side and a supply side. The global criminal economy couldn’t function without a supply side that provides a source of drugs et cetera.
Globalisation creates new insecurities, and produces a new mentality of Risk consensus. Which risk is seen as global, rather than tied to Particular places, for example… & media
The increased movement of people as migrants has given rise to anxieties among its populations and Western countries about risks of crime and disorder. Whether these fears are rational it doesn’t matter. Most of this comes from the media which exaggerate view of dangers. About the threat. This has led to hate crimes against minorities. The UK is toughened its border control regulations. Another risk is attempts at wars. And terrorist attacks
ian taylors Argument that globalisation has led to changes in the pattern & of extent of crime
I given free rein to market forces, globalisation has created greater inequality and rising crime. It has allowed transnational corporations to switch manufacturing, low-wage countries, producing job insecurity and unemployment. Marketisation encourage people to see themselves as consumers. Left realist, know the increasingly materialistic culture promoted by media portrays success in terms of consumption. All these create insecurity. I
Globalisation, creating criminal opportunities for elite groups
For example, it gives opportunities for insider trading and movement of funds around the globe to avoid taxation. It’s led to new patterns of employment which have created new opportunities to crime. This theory is useful to linking global trends in the capitalist economy to changes in patterns of crime.
Criticism of Taylor’s theory
Not all poor people turn to crime
Patterns of criminal organisation. hobbs & dunningham
Found the way crime is organises link to the economic changes brought by globalisation. It involves individuals which contacts acting as a hub around with a loose knit network forms. This argument Contradicts with the large-scale Mafia style criminal organisations of the past such as the Cray brothers
Glocal hobbs & dunningham
New forms of organisation have international links. However, individual still need local contacts to find their opportunities to sell drugs.
hobbs & dunningham Argue that changes associated with globalisation have lead to changes in patterns of crime
For example, the shift from the old gang structure to Opportunistic criminals. It may be that the two have always coexisted. 
McMafia (glenny)
This refers to the organisation is that emerged in Russia, and Eastern Europe following the fall of communism – it’s a major factor in the process of globalisation. People would buy oil, gas, diamonds, and sell them abroad and astronomical more profit. To protect their wealth, capitalist turn to the Mafias that had begun to spring up. They were unlike the old Italian and were based on family ties.
