globalisation and crime

Question 1

what is the definition of globalisation

Answer 1

the increased global interconnectedness of the world in all aspects of life

Question 2

what is a green crime

Answer 2

crime against the environment

Question 3

what are examples of green crime

Answer 3

land pollution
air pollution
deforestation

Question 4

why is green crime a global crime

Answer 4

globalisation has caused the majority of green crime

Question 5

what sociologist says most problems in the environment are man made rather than natural disaster

Answer 5

BECK- global risk society

Question 6

what was becks idea of the “global risk society”

Answer 6

most threats to society are man made not due to natural disaster

• most natural disasters, due to globalisation and improved technology we have resources to reduce harm caused by natural disasters
• globalisation and improved tech has created more unnatural global RISKS to society. e.g. global warming.
• global risk society

Question 7

who created the primary and secondary green crimes

Answer 7

nigel south

Question 8

Nigel South- what is a primary green crime

Answer 8

a green crime that has resulted directly from the destruction of earth resources

e.g. deforestation
air pollution

water pollution

animal crime

Question 9

what is a secondary crime and what sociologists created primary and secondary green crimes

Answer 9

Nigel south

secondary green crime- crimes created due to ignorance of environmental laws.

Question 10

give an example of secondary green crime

Answer 10

corporations saving money by disposing toxic waste illegally, because it is expensive to have it disposed properly.

e.g. Somalia 2004, barrels of radioactive waste directly into the sea.

Question 11

what is the anthropocentric view of green crime

Answer 11

bad view that economic growth is more important to society than environmental health

Question 12

what is the ecocentric view

Answer 12

humans and environment are interdependent.

what hurts the environment hurts humans too.

therefore we should protect it

Question 13

how has globalisation affected crime rates

Answer 13

increased crime rates.

Question 14

What is disorganised capitalism and why has it increased crime

Answer 14

globalisation has caused big business to operate transnationally to minimise costs and maximise profits

leads to unemployment of people in this country

result to crime so individuals can achieve the lifestyles displayed by media

Question 15

what is the global supply and demand theory, and why has it caused crime

Answer 15

due to global inequalities and expectations promoted by global media

people want to emigrate to the developed western countries where they believe they will live a better life with more opportunities.

immigration laws are more strict

CREATED A HUMAN TRAFFICKING MARKET- where people are smuggled illegally

smugglers are in debt to gangs, therefore force victims to work as slaves

Question 16

what is a supply and demand crime

Answer 16

human trafficking

slavery

prostitution

Question 17

what is growing individualisation and why has it increased crime

Answer 17

late modernity- people all over the world cant rely on the state for good living conditions and wellbeing and employment

result to crime to try and look after themself

Question 18

what are the two main forms of GLOBAL CRIMINAL NETWORK

Answer 18

The mafia

newer crime groups

Question 19

give information on the mafia

Answer 19

diffferent mafias in all countries. e.g. japanese mafia, italian mafia.

commit crimes such as - arson, trafficking, gambling

high security, economic power, money spread through online banking all over the world

Question 20

The two global criminal networks are the mafia and the new organised crime groups.

what is a new organised crime group

Answer 20

similar to mafia, transnational crime.

Only emerged due to globalisation

Question 21

give some examples of different mafia groups

Answer 21

japanese mafia

chinese mafia

italian mafia

american mafia

Question 22

what are new crimes which have arised from globalisation

Answer 22

international drugs trade

cyber crime

human trafficking

Question 23

how has globalisation changed society

Answer 23

better technology

cheap easy travel

global banking, access to banks all over the globe

VPN- use online services for different countries

increased online security, encrypted communication

awareness of other cultures

Question 24

how is the international drugs trade a product of globalisation

Answer 24

interconnectedness of different countries to help the drug trade

trade between colombia, america, mexico, UK, spain. Occurs in every country.

globalisation made this happen due to improved tech, communication and travel

Question 25

what is the estimates worth of the international drug trade

Answer 25

300 billion

Question 26

what is cyber crime

Answer 26

crime with help of online communication and technology

Question 27

examples of cyber crime

Answer 27

child porn terrorist websites identity theft

Question 28

what is human trafficking

Answer 28

illegal smuggling of humans - can be smuggled and used for slavery and prostitution, illegal use of organs usually to make money to pay debts

Question 29

how many people are a victim of slavery in britain

Answer 29

13000 people are victim to slavery in britain

Question 30

why is it difficult to measure global green crime

Answer 30

hard to measure no accurate way in which global crime can be estimated dispute over what is a green crime - e.g. is littering a green crime. corporations and government have high economic power, so when they comimited green crime it is hard to prosecute against them different countries have different environmental laws, research usually taken from case studies, case studies have a limited use in explaining green crime

Question 31

two ways globalisation increases crime

Answer 31

easier travel across borders- human trafficking market improved internet and global communication, causes cyber crime such as identity theft businesses are moving jobs to other countries to minimise costs, therefore people are losing jobs and resulting to crime due to relative deprivation (LEFT REALIST)

Question 32

what is green criminology

Answer 32

argue we should study environmental harm whether or not it has broken a legislation. laws against environmental harm arent well developed, meaning that it sometimes is legal for companies or people to harm the environment. therefore green crime is of interest to green criminologists green crime is more widespread and and do more harm than street crime ecocentric approach- environmental centred. criticises traditional criminology as it is too anthropocentric (human centred)

Question 33

what is traditional criminology

Answer 33

argues that green crime should be defined in a narrow sense. Green crime is ANY ACTION that breaches environmental laws.

Question 34

why are green crimes not prosecuted as much

Answer 34

law making- government make laws against environmental crime. They can alter laws so big businesses aren't affected

Question 35

how do different views of green crime mean that there are less prosecutions

Answer 35

green crime doesnt carry the same stigma of regular crime. therefore even though laws exist, they arent enforced as strictly. eg. waste crime was the biggest crime in england in 2011, but only a small fine was given out.