Globalisation And Identity Flashcards
Bigotry
Having a strong and unreasonable belief and dislike of other people who live a different way of life or have
different beliefs to your own
Colonialism
Acquiring full or partial political control over another country by occupying it with settlers and exploiting
it economically. Several European countries adopted this policy and created colonies in Africa and other developing
regions of the world from the sixteenth century onwards. Colonialism is sometimes referred to as imperialism.
Cosmopolitanism
The idea that all humans are members of one single community. It is the belief that humans can
and should be world citizens that are part of a universal community.
Cultural appropriation
Taking a traditional culture and adapting it to suit the needs and behaviours of the recipient culture.
Cultural assimilation
Absorbing minority cultures into the ways and views of the majority community. the majority culture is imposed on the minority culture. The minority communities are expected to learn the customs and traditions of the majority community. This often involves giving up their own identity or modifying their culture to become acceptable to the majority community.
Cultural homogonisation
When diverse cultural expressions and identities become more similar or standardised,
often due to the influence of dominant global cultures.
Cultural integration policies
Promote a two-way process, where the majority and the minority cultures are
encouraged to interact and influence each other. Both cultures will change and adapt, so that the minority culture can
be accepted alongside the majority culture. This is a process that requires acceptance of the laws and ways of the host
country by the people of the minority culture, without these people giving up their own cultural values and identity. In
this process, both cultures are modified.
Dependency Theory
Critique of modernisation theory. It claims that the west is responsible for the underdevelopment
of developing countries by imposing colonialism, neocolonialism and an unfair global trading system.
Euroscepticism
The idea to promote disengagement from the EU. It is a political position that is opposed to the process
of economic, political and cultural integration within the EU.
Globalisation
The growing interdependence of the world’s economies, populations and cultures. It is brought about
by advancements in technology, trading of goods and services between different countries and the flows of people,
information and investment.
Gross Domestic Product
Measurement of a country’s overall economic activity. It is calculated by adding up
the value of all the goods and services produced within a country, including all investments and exports, minus imports.
The total figure is then divided by the country’s population and expressed in a monetary value per capita.
Identity
The set of characteristics by which a person or thing is recognisable or known for. At its core, identity is
what shapes an individual or a community’s sense of self.
Imagined Community
A socially constructed group of people that share certain characteristics. Even if they never
know all the other members of the group, they still feel connected and imagine a broader community.
Monoculturalism
Promotion and preservation of a dominant homogeneous (same) culture among all members of a
society. Based on the exclusion or assimilation of all other minority cultures within the country.
Nationalism
a political ideology which advocates for people to identify with and take pride in a nation whose members share certain cultural, ideological, religious or ethnic characteristics. Nationalism can also be defined as the devotion of people to their respective countries.
Neo-colonialism
Modern-day practice of using capitalism, globalisation and cultural imperialism (the spread of ideas
and values) to influence another country in lieu of direct military control. Left-wing critics argue that the US and other
western powers are engaged in a neocolonial conquest of the rest of the world today
Polarisation
The process of creating or deepening divisions and disagreements between different groups or
individuals, often leading to a more extreme and hostile atmosphere.
Political Globalisation
More government action takes place on a global level. Decision-making that was traditionally
taken at a national level (e.g. welfare of citizens and management of the national economy) is now taken by
supranational bodies at regional levels (e.g. EU) or international levels (e.g. UN, World Bank, IMF).
Popular culture
Activities, products and services that are considered to appeal primarly to non-elite groups in society
(traditionally considered the working and middle classes). E.g soap operas and popular music genres (e.g. pop music,
hip hop).
Scapegoat
A person or group that is unjustly blamed for the problems, mistakes or faults of others, often as a means
to divert attention away from the real causes or to find a target for collective anger or frustration
Sectarian
Strongly supporting a particular religious group and being unwilling to accept other religious beliefs or
groups.
Sovereignty
Right and independent authority of a state to control its own government and decision-making
Supranational Organisations
Bodies that states can join, where decision-making is shared on issues of common
interest.
Tarrif
A tax or duty that must be paid on a good that is either being imported into or exported out of a country.
Governments usually impose import tariffs to protect their local producers from foreign competition. E.g, the EU
imposes tariffs on certain agricultural imports to protect European farmers from competing with the cheaper prices of
foreign agricultural produce when selling to the European market.
