globalisation and migration Flashcards
(46 cards)
what is globalisation
economic process which countries are being gradually drawn into a single global economy / market, results in countries being interconnected and interdependent
how do TNCs upscale international trading
operate in many countries, involved in economic activities
how do regional economic / trading blocs upscale international trading
countries being drawn together to promote free trade through trade agreements e.g. the EU / North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
how do modern transport networks upscale international trading
more capable to move people and commodities quickly / cheaply, physical distances are less significant, ocean transport & containerisation speeds up global movement
how do advances in information and technology upscale international trading
faster management, processing and communication of information
what are the 5 forms of flow of the global economy
trade, aid, foreign investment, labour and information
define birth rate
number of LIVE births in a population per year / 1000 population
define death rate
number of deaths in a population per year / 1000 population
define natural change
balance between birth and death rate in a population
define net migration
balance between number of people entering & leaving a country / region
define circulation
temporary absences from a permanent residence, can be daily, weekly or seasonal, including travel and medical treatment
define migration
can vary from country to country, permanent change in residency
what is voluntary migration
people choose to move inside their own country (internal) or emigrate to another country (international)
reasons for voluntary migration
employment, higher wages, higher quality of life -> classed as economic migrants
recent trends in voluntary migration
in developing and emerging countries, more rural -> urban migration (e.g. China). in HICs the opposite is more apparent (counter urbanisation), people seek higher quality of life outside cities
what is forced migration
when people have to move from where they live (they have no choice)
reasons for forced migration
most commonly war (recently civil wars) and persecution, or an effort to force out . eradicate an entire ethnic group (ethnic cleansing, e.g. genocide)
define refugee
a person, owing to fear of being persecuted, lives outside their country of nationality
define asylum seeker
refugee applied to become a citizen of the country they have sought protection
define internally displaced person (IDP)
person forced to flee their home for same reasons as refugee (or natural disasters) but do not cross internationally recognised border
define returnee
refugee / asylum seeker voluntarily returned to home of origin or IDP who has returned home
define and provide examples (4) of push factors of migration
a cause to leave a location, e.g. harsh climate, housing shortage, heavy taxes, civil war / ethnic cleansing
define and provide examples (4) of pull factors of migration
something attractive about an alternate location, e.g. high wages, freedom of speech, cheap land, good welfare services
how do social factors lead to rise in tourism
more leisure time and paid leave