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Geography > Globalisation Eq1 > Flashcards

Globalisation Eq1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define globalisation

A

The process by which people, culture, capital, commodities and information are becoming increasingly connected

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2
Q

What are the four flows of globalisation

A

Commodities
Information
People (tourists + migrants)
Capital (money)

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3
Q

What are the 4 strands of globalisation

A

Political
Economic
Social
Cultural

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4
Q

How is Cuba switched off

A

History of USA trade embargo so there is limited access to new technology, transport, has become popular with tourists

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5
Q

How is North Korea switched off

A

Politically - censorship of social media and tv

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6
Q

How is the Himalayas switched off

A

Physically - isolated, mountains, difficult access

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7
Q

How is the Sahel region of Africa switched off

A

Economically - remote, difficult to travel and trade, poor infrastructure for trade, lack of resources to trade

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8
Q

what is the China Open Door Policy

A

China opened its doors to foreign businesses that want to invest in the country

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9
Q

What impact did the china open door policy have

A

Causes huge amounts of FDI, global shift of industry towards the East

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10
Q

IGO meaning

A

Intergovernmental organisation - organisations like WTO, WB and IMF which have a significant role in global economies

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11
Q

What is a quota

A

A limit placed on the number of goods that are imported from other countries

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12
Q

Space time compression meaning

A

While distances remain unchanged, developments in technology and transport make places feel closer than in the past

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13
Q

Special economic zone example

A

Shenzhen, China, created 30 million jobs, increased income in area by 30%

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14
Q

Special economic zone meaning

A

An area designed to encourage investment and create employment to promote economic growth

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15
Q

4 Things governments can do to encourage globalisation

A
  • free market liberalisation
  • privatisation
  • encouraging business start ups
  • china open door policy
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16
Q

Trade bloc meaning and examples

A

A tax placed on goods that are imported from other countries that aren’t members of the group
E.g EU, ASEAN (which also promotes peace as members pledge not to have nuclear weapons

17
Q

What are the two measures of globalisation

A

KOF index, AT Kearney index

18
Q

What developments have there been in ICT which allow globalisation to take place

A
  1. Telephones and telegraphs 1860s
  2. Broadband and fibre optics (more than 1.2 million km of undersea cables today)
  3. GIS and GPS 1970s
  4. Internet and social networks (58% now use the internet)
19
Q

What developments have there been in transport to allow globalisation

A
  1. Steam power 1800s
  2. Railways 1800s
  3. Jet aircraft 1960s
  4. Containerisation - large capacity storage units which can be transported long distances using multiple types of transport
20
Q

What do governments do to encourage business start ups

A

Low business taxes, changes in the law to allow more profit to be made

21
Q

What factors does the AT Kearney index include

A
  • political (membership of IGOs and trade blocs)
  • communication (telephone traffic, tourists)
  • technology (internet users + hosts, secure servers
  • economic (imports, exports, FDI)
    Measures globalisation of cities
22
Q

What factors does the KOF index include

A
  • political (membership to IGOs and trade blocs)
  • economic (flows of FDI, flows of goods + services)
  • social (information, flow, phone calls, tourist numbers)
23
Q

What impact have mobile phones had in Africa

A
  • access to free insurance
  • access to free online education
  • communication with doctors
  • mobile bank accounts M-Pesa
24
Q

What is free market liberalisation

A

Government intervention in markets prevents economic development, as overall wealth increases, money trickles down

25
Q

What is offshoring

A

Doing something through your own company but in a different country to increase profits

26
Q

What is outsourcing

A

Hiring another company to provide a service

27
Q

What is privatisation + example

A

Allowing foreign investors to gain a stake in privatised national services and infrastructure to help fund it
E.g UK railways

28
Q

What is the IMF and what do they do

A

International monetary fund - offers emergency loans for short periods of time to it’s members e.g after natural disasters such as 2004 tsunami

29
Q

What is the WTO and what do they do

A

World trade organisation - advocates for trade liberalisation, oversees rules of international trade

30
Q

What is WB and what do they do

A

World bank - offers to help with infrastructure, education and health on a global scale, it’s main function is to ensure that trade flows smoothly, predictably and freely

31
Q

What is wrong with the AT Kearney index

A

Only includes 62 countries, too much emphasis on ICT which allows USA to gain high score without political connections

32
Q

What is wrong with the KOF index

A

Only measures international interactions, doesn’t include recent technological developments

Geography (12 decks)

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