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geography paper 2 > globalisation EQ2 > Flashcards

globalisation EQ2 Flashcards

1
Q

the first wave of globalisation

A

the movement of manufacturing from europe and the USA to many asian countries

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2
Q

the second wave of globalisation

A

the outsourcing of services from europe to the USA to many asian countries

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3
Q

benefits of Chinas global shift

A
  • investment in infastructure eg airport
  • decreased unemployment and reduced poverty
  • TNCs invest in training and improve skills
  • improved technology
  • comulative causation
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4
Q

costs of Chinas global shift

A
  • loss of farmland
  • increase in informal housing
  • pollution,health problems, water shortages
  • loss in biological productivity (land degradation)
  • exploitation of resources
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5
Q

outsourcing of services to India

Bangalore - costs and benefits

A
  • cost effective and efficient (IT hubs)
  • skilled workforce
  • footloose
  • tech city offering educational and economic liberalisation
  • software technology parks
  • incfreased ocsts and reduced loyalty (con to TNCs)
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6
Q

impacts of global shift on UK and USA

A
  • deindustrialisation can elad to deprivation eg Leister
  • unemployment and depopulation affected Newcastle
  • dereliction and contamination in Sheffield
  • Detroit had major decline for cars
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7
Q

migration

A

the movement of a person or persons from one place to another involving a permenant (1 year or more) chamge of adress

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8
Q

net migration

A

the balance between immigration and emigration

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9
Q

types of migrant

A
  • displaced persons
  • voluntary migrants
  • illegal migrants
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10
Q

displaced persons

A
  • refugees/asylum seekers
  • temporary stay
  • citizenship or repatriation
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11
Q

voluntary migrants

A
  • economic migrants
  • weeks or years
  • returns to own country
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12
Q

illegal migrants

A
  • voluntary or criminal
  • staying until discovered
  • forced deportation
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13
Q

Lee’s model of migration

A

origin –> intervening obstacles –> destination

push factors
- lack of jobs
- war
- natural disaster

pull factors:
- lifestyle
- weather
- jobs

obstacles:
- cost
- familt
- visas

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14
Q

internal migration

A

migration within a country:
- rural to urban
- urban to rural
- inter-urban (different cities)
- intra-urban (same city)
- transmigration (forced)

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15
Q

positive economic impacts for country of origin

A
  • benefits from remittances sent home
  • upon arrival brings new skills like language
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16
Q

negative economic impacts for country of origin

A
  • loss of young workforce
  • reduce inward investment by private companies
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17
Q

positive social impacts for country of origin

A
  • better facilities
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18
Q

negative social impacts for country of origin

A
  • marriage rates fall as family structures break down
  • increased dependancy raet as young workforce leaves
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19
Q

political impacts for country of origin

A

policies to encourage imimigration to counteract outflow

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20
Q

positive economic impacts for host country

A
  • migrants take up undesireable jobs that need filling
  • costs of retirement can be transfereed to origin country
21
Q

negative economic impacts for host country

A

much money earnt by migrants isnt spent in host country

22
Q

positive soical impacts for host country

A
  • encourage learning new languages, helps people work internationally
  • creation of multi-ethnic society increases understanding
23
Q

negative social impacts for host country

A
  • discrimination
  • pressure of services like healthcare
24
Q

political impacts for host country

A

entrenchment of attitudes may encourage fundamentalism

25
step migration
move from place to place eg Melilla (Morocco) which is spanish territory but in Africa so poeple can go there and claim asylum
26
where do asylum applicants go to in the EU?
- sweden - germany - greece - hungary
27
where do the worlds asylum applicants go?
- germany - US - UK - France
28
Cuba- cultural erosion | positives
- GDP spent on healthcare and education - attractive culture to tourists - preserved natural environments - diverse - reduction of deforestation
29
Cuba- cultural erosion | negatives
- lost trade to USA allies - food shortages - low investment levels - lack of spending on transport - poorly manufactured housing - lack of technology
30
migration to Quatar
- foreign migrants make up 88% of the population - UK based construction compnies eg Hyder
31
conditions facing migrants in Quatar
- human rights abuse - 1200 workers died for world cup stadium - modern slavery
32
what makes up the culture of a place?
- traditions - norms and values - religion - language - art
33
cultural diffusion
spread of cultural ideas and way of life to another area - cultural imperialism - westernisation
34
cultural erosion
loss or dilution of a culture
35
TNC impact on culture
selected global brands explain how they influence culture around the world eg apple spread digital communications
36
media impact on culture
global media changed attitudes towards marginalised groups eg disability and the paralympics
37
diets impact on culture
diets are changing eg China are eatign more poultry and beef due to changes in cooking which increases methane
38
tourism impacts on culture
+preservation of cultural heritage +revival of traditional arts -loss of cultural character -potential misunderstandings and conflict
39
migration impact on culture
- cross cultural exchange - can loose character - westernisation - ethnic enclaves
40
hyper-globalisers
- globalisation is a succesful process - cultures and economies become mroe integrated - leads to homogenous cultures
41
transformationalists
- dynamic responses to globalisation - not inevitable that all culture will become homogenous - cultures will change but in different ways - hybrid cultures may evolve
42
sceptics
- globalisation is is profound in global economies and reflects interdependance - marginalisation not destruction of poorer groups
43
indigenous peoples
minority in the population with their own characteristcs eg language and territory eg the Inuit of the Arctic
44
uncontacted Amazon tribe
- globalisation puts pressure on rainforest like illegal logging - violence/conflict - contact with virus or disease can wipe out tribes like common cold
45
cultural survival
NGO that protects indigenous people
46
world social forum
collection of NGOs who focus on developing countries that dont benefit from globalisation - oppose globalisation - unequal impacts - huge divide between rich and poor
47
world economic forum (Davos)
elite group of 2500 business leaders, who make decisions on FDI and trade - pro globalisation - improve the state of the world - drive economic growth
48
Bougainville
- 2019 referendem to gain independance from Papau New Guini - distinct culture - civil war for 10 years - Australia and UK exploited mines
49
global influence in Papau New Guini | cultural erosion
- Under colonial rule PNG experienced political, social and conomic integration. - supressed tribal warfare by missionaries spreding western views - villages forced to be plantation workers - decrease of native language from cross-cultura marriage

geography paper 2 (12 decks)

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