Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
(35 cards)
Name 3 types of glomerulonephritis.
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
What is the difference between nephrotic syndrome and nephritic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome involves the loss of a lot of protein, whereas nephritic syndrome involves the loss of a lot of blood.
State 3 clinical features of a nephrotic syndrome.
Proteinuria. Hypoalbuminaemia (albumin is lost in the urine). Odema. Hyperlipidemia.
State 3 clinical features of a nephritic syndrome.
Haematuria
+++ Blood – microscopic or macroscopic haematuria
Haematuria (blood in urine) occurs due to podocytes developing large pores which allows blood and protein to escape into the urine.
Proteinuria
++ Protein (small amount)
Hypertension
Usually only mild
Low urine volume <300ml/day
What is the difference between nephrotic syndromes and renal disorders?
Nephrotic syndrome is concerned with disorders of the nephron e.g. glomerulonephritis, while renal disorders are concerned with the kidney e.g. pyelonephritis.
What is glomerulonephritis?
Inflammation in the glomeruli (tiny clusters of capillaries that transport blood behaving as filtering units). Therefore, blood and protein leak out into the urine.
What is pyelonephritis?
Inflammation of the kidney that starts within the bladder and migrates up the the ureters and into the kidneys.
Glomerulonephritis is categorized into either…
Proliferative or non-proliferative.
State 3 types of Non-proliferative Glomerulonephritis.
Minimal change glomerulonephritis. Focal segmental glomerulonephritis. Membranous glomerulonephritis.
State 3 types of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis.
IgA Nephropathy. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Post infectious glomerulonephritis.
State 2 primary (membranous damage) causes of Nephrotic Syndrome.
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy (diabetic kidney disease)
Alport syndrome (genetic kidney disease condition)
Thin basement membrane disease
State 2 secondary (part of the generalized disease) causes of Nephrotic Syndrome.
SLE
Hep B and C
HIV
Diabetes mellitus
Malignancy - bladder tumour, renal tumour
Renal stones
State 3 presentations of nephrotic syndrome.
Heavy proteinuria (greater than 3.5g/day). Hypoalbuminuaemia. Oedema. Hyperlipidaemia (decreased oncotic pressure stimulates liver to increase lipoprotein synthesis resulting in high cholesterol).
What kidney disease is linked to diabetes?
IgA nephropathy - leads to end stage kidney disease.
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis can lead to what sort of disorders?
Vasculitic disorders. https://geekymedics.com/glomerulonephritis/
https://geekymedics.com/nephrotic-vs-nephritic-syndrome/
State 2 vasculitis disorders which are a localised to a specific vessel.
Wegener’s granulomatosis. Microscopic Polyangiitis. Churg Strauss disease
State a vasculitic disorder which is systemic.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura - deposition of IgA in small blood vessels in the skin and kidneys.
State a feature of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
Rash of raised red or purple spots. The spots look like small bruises or blood spots. Common in young children.
What is acute kidney injury?
Kidney failure due to the build of waste products in the blood.
What is minimal change disease?
Sudden onset of oedema.
What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?
Lesion not a disease. Areas of mesangial collapse and sclerosis seen in a microscope.
What is membranous glomerulosclerosis?
Basement membrane thickening - electron dense deposits in glomerular basement membrane.
State 3 treatments for Nephrotic Syndrome.
Diuretics - increase production of urine. ACE - lower BP. Anticoagulant. Statin. Renal biopsy.
State 3 causes of haematuria (blood in urine).
Malignancy in renal tract. Renal stones. Trauma. Prostatitis. Inflammation in urinary tract.
