Glomerulonephritis and Glomerular Disease Flashcards
What are 3 main consequences of glomerular disease?
1) Leaky glomeruli –> Haematuria and Proteinuria
2) High BP
3) Decreasing kidney function
What is the PP of glomerulonephritis?
Immunoglobulin deposits and inflammatory cell response
What are the main signs and causes of acute nephritic syndrome?
S/S: Inflammation of glomeruli, HAEMATURIA and PROTEINURIA, Hypertension, Fluid overload, Oliguria, Red cell casts.
C: ANCA, Goodpastures, SLE, IgA Nephropathy and post streptococcal infection (Immune complex kidney deposition)
What are the main S/S of nephrotic syndrome?
1) Hypoalbuminaemia
2) Oedema
3) Heavy proteinuria
4) Hypercholesterolaemia
What can nephrotic syndrome be secondary to?
- Diabetes.
- Amyloid.
- Infections.
- SLE.
- Drugs.
What is the main treatment for nephrotic syndrome?
- Treat complications e.g. diuretics for oedema; ACEi for proteinuria.
- Treat the underlying cause.
- Statins and anti-coagulation e.g. warfarin.
- In children give steroids as minimal change disease is the most likely cause.
What is the main feature and treatment for minimal change disease?
Feature: Fused podocytes
Treatment: Steroids
What is the PP of nephritic syndrome?
1) Immune complex deposits in glom. capillary causes neutrophil recruitment
2) Inflammation and damage to glomerular capillary membrane
3) Leakage of BC’s and protein into B. Capsule and excreted in urine
What is the PP of nephrotic syndrome?
1) Podocytes/BM don’t properly work, so lots of protein leaks into the Bowman’s capsule
2) Excreted in urine.
What is a name of a loop diuretic and what is its action?
Furosemide
- Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter (NKCC2)
What are the main side effects of furosemide?
1) Hypokalaemia
2) Hypertension
3) Dehydration
What type of drug would you give to counteract the hypokalaemia aspect?
Spironolactone
- Work on the RAAS part and help control potassium levels in the blood
On which part of the nephron do thiazides?
DCT acting on NCC channels
