Glossary

Question 1

Oxytocin

Answer 1

• Natural hormone that manages key aspects of the female and male reproductive systems, including labour and delivery and lactation, as well as aspects of human behaviour.
• Your hypothalamus makes oxytocin, but your posterior pituitary gland stores and releases it into your bloodstream.

Question 2

Ketones

Answer 2

• Acids in the body which can break down fat to be used for energy.
• If the body cannot get enough energy from your blood glucose then the body will begin breaking down fat instead.

-This creates Ketones

Question 3

Poor Placentation

Answer 3

• This is when the placenta does not transfer blood {containing nutrients and oxygen} between the mother and the foetus.
• This can be caused by an issue with how the placenta has connected to the uterine lining.

Question 4

Prokaryotes

Answer 4

• Organisms that lack a nucleus and other organelles.

Question 5

Eukaryotes

Answer 5

• Cells that have a nucleus where the genetic information {DNA} is stored and is kept separate from the cytoplasm.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

• Gelatinous substance that fills the inside of a cell.

Question 7

Penicillin

Answer 7

• A class of antibiotic medications used to treat bacterial infections.
• They work by breaking down the walls of the cells.

Question 8

Hypothermia

Answer 8

• When the body looses heat faster than it can create it.
• The core temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius.

Question 9

Hyperthermia

Answer 9

• An elevated body temperature.

-Causes can be infection and heat exposure.

Question 10

Hypotension

Answer 10

• Low blood pressure.
• This is when blood flows through the body at a slower rate.

Question 11

Hypervolaemia

Answer 11

• A state of low extracellular fluid volume.
• Secondary to combined sodium and water loss.

-Bodies should have adequate fluid balance to maintain homeostasis.

Question 12

Infectious agent

Answer 12

• Something that can cause an infection or an infectious disease.

Question 13

Pathogen

Answer 13

• An organism that can produce an infection or virus.

Question 14

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 14

• An elevated glucose level in the blood during pregnancy and often resolves after birth (Post Partum)

Question 15

Growth hormone

Answer 15

• A natural hormone your pituitary gland releases that promotes growth in children, helps maintain normal body structure in adults and plays a role in metabolism in both children and adults.

Question 16

Progesterone

Answer 16

• A hormone commonly produced by the Adrenal Cortex.

-Also produced in the gonads (Ovaries and Testes)

-Secreted by the Ovarian Corpus Luteum during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy.

-Later in the pregnancy it is produced by the placenta.

Question 17

Cortisol

Answer 17

• A hormone that affects almost all organs and tissues in the body.
• Regulates stress response.
• Also controls the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and controls our metabolism.

Question 18

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin {HCG}

Answer 18

• A chemical created by trophoblast tissue, tissue typically found in early embryos and which will eventually be part of the placenta.
• Measuring these levels helps to determine a normal pregnancy or a pathological pregnancy.
• Can also be helpful following an abortive pregnancy.

Question 19

Haemorrhage

Answer 19

• High blood loss which can cause complications.

Question 20

Striae Gravidarum

Answer 20

• Stretch marks.

Question 21

Adrenaline

Answer 21

• A hormone produced by the Adrenal Gland to help prepare the body for stressful or dangerous situations.

Question 22

Glucose

Answer 22

• Glucose is the sugar in the blood

Question 23

Fluctuation

Answer 23

• An irregular riding or falling of an amount.
• A persons temperature frequently fluctuates.

Question 24

Afferent

Answer 24

• Towards the brain

Question 25

Efferent

Answer 25

- Away from the brain

Question 26

HPL

Answer 26

Human Placental

Question 27

CHT

Answer 27

- Congenital Hypothyroidism

Question 28

HCAI

Answer 28

- Health Care Associated Infection

Question 29

C.Diff

Answer 29

- Clostridium Difficile

Question 30

BNP

Answer 30

- Brain Natriuretic Peptide

Question 31

Progressive Retraction

Answer 31

- Upper segment of the uterus thickens and shortens, pulling up the lower segment

Question 33

ARM

Answer 33

- Artificial Rupture of Membranes

Question 34

SRM

Answer 34

- Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes

Question 36

Catabolism

Answer 36

- The breakdown of molecules such as glucose and fatty acids to provide metabolic energy

Question 37

Health Protection

Answer 37

- Protecting people from disease and infection

Question 38

Health Improvement

Answer 38

- Improving peoples health by stopping drinking, doing drugs and loosing weight

Question 39

Public Health

Answer 39

- All organised measures (public or private) to prevent disease, promote health and prolong life among the whole population

Question 40

Promoting Health

Answer 40

- Enabling people to take control over and promote their own health

Question 41

Immunity

Answer 41

- Protection against disease provided by the bodies internal defence or immune system - Primary action of the immune system

Question 42

Pathogen

Answer 42

- A harmful microorganism that causes disease: . virus .bacteria .fungi .parasites

Question 43

Antigen

Answer 43

- A protein molecule on the surface of a cell {which may trigger an immune response} - A recognition of "self cells" - These antigens, such as blood cells do not typically create a response

Question 44

Macrophages

Answer 44

- They engulf and destroy pathogens - Type of WBC that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells and stimulates other immune cells - They play a long term role in pathogen clearance and tissue repair

Question 45

Dendritic Cells

Answer 45

- Present the antigens to other immune cells - Found in tissue that has contact with the outside environment: . lung mucosa . epithelial cells of the skin .lining of the nose and gastrointestinal tract