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Biology GCSE AQA > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

(122 cards)

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1
Q

What is accuracy?

A

A measurement is accurate if it is close to its true value.

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2
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Acid rain is rain that is acid due to dissolved gasses, such as sulphur dioxide being burnt from fossil fuels.

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3
Q

What is an active site?

A

The site on an enzyme in which the reactants bind.

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4
Q

What is Active transport?

A

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient or across a cell membrane.

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5
Q

What is adaptation?

A

A special feature which makes an organism suited to their environment.

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6
Q

What is adult cell cloning?

A

A process in which the nucleus of an adult cell is placed inside an empty egg from another animal, this embryo is then placed within the uterus of a third animal.

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7
Q

What is Aerobic respiration?

A

Breaking down food using oxygen to release energy for the cells.

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8
Q

What is agar?

A

The jelly of nutrients in which scientists use to grow microorganisms.

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9
Q

What are algal cells?

A

The cells of algae, they are single cells that have the ability to photosynthesise.

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10
Q

What is an Allele?

A

A version of a particular gene.

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11
Q

What are Alveoli?

A

The tiny air sacs in the lungs which increase surface area for gas exchange.

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12
Q

What are Amino acids?

A

The building blocks of protein.

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13
Q

What is amylase?

A

The enzyme made in the salivary glands and the pancreas that breaks down starch into simple sugars.

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14
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

The breaking down of food with out the use of oxygen to produce energy for the cells, this will also produce lactic acids.

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15
Q

What is an antibiotic?

A

A drug that destroys bacteria in the body with out killing any body cells.

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16
Q

What is an antigen?

A

An antigen is a unique protein that provokes an adaptive response towards pathogens within the body.

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17
Q

What is an aorta?

A

The main artery leaving the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body.

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18
Q

What is an artery?

A

A blood vessel which usually carries oxygenated blood from the heart and has a pulse.

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19
Q

What is asexual budding?

A

A form of asexual production where the offspring forms as a bud on the parent organism, I.e yeast.

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20
Q

What is asexual production?

A

It is where offspring are produced by only one parent and does not require fusing of gametes. The offspring are identical to the parent.

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21
Q

What is the Atria and how do the right and left operate?

A

The small upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the body and the left receives blood from the lungs.

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22
Q

What is an auxin?

A

A plant hormone that controls how the plant reacts to light and gravity.

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23
Q

What is the shape of a biconcave disk?

A

The shape of red blood cells.

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24
Q

What is bile?

A

A yellow-green substance made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is released into the small intestine and emulsifies fats.

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25
What is biodiversity?
The range of organisms found in a specific area or habitat.
26
What is bio-fuel?
Fuel produced from biological material that is renewable and sustainable.
27
What is Biogas?
Methane produced by the fermentation of biological material.
28
What is Biological detergent?
Washing detergent that contains enzymes like lipase to wash clothes.
29
What is biomass?
Biological material from living or recently living organisms.
30
What is the bladder?
The organ where urine is stored until it is released from the body.
31
What is Blood?
The liquid in which oxygen is carried round the body in order for Aerobic respiration to take place. it also carries dissolved food, waste products and mineral ions.
32
What is a Blood vessel?
A tube that carries blood round the body, I.e arteries veins and capillaries.
33
What is breathing?
The physical action of air being pumped in and out of the lungs by contraction and retraction the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.
34
What is the Breathing system.
The components needed for someone to breathe; the lungs, the ribs, the intercostal muscles, the diaphragm and the tubes which bring air into the body form the outside.
35
What are capillaries?
They are the smallest blood vessels that run between individual cells, only one cell thick.
36
What is carbohydrase?
An enzyme that speeds up the breakdown of carbohydrates.
37
What is the carbon cycle?
The cycle of carbon in the living and non living world.
38
What is a carrier?
An individual who is heterozygous for faulty allele that causes a genetic disease but is not affected themselves.
39
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process.
40
Cell membrane
The membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what comes in or out.
41
What is a cell wall?
A rigid structure that forms the shape of some cells.
42
What is cellulose?
A big carbohydrate molecule that makes up plant and algal cell walls.
43
What is the CNS?
The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal chord where information is processed.
44
What is Chlorophyll?
The green pigment contained in chloroplast.
45
What is chloroplast?
The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.
46
What is a chromosome?
Thread like structure containing genetic information in the nucleus of a cell.
47
What is a clone?
Offspring produced by asexual reproduction which is identical to its parent organism.
48
What is natural competition?
The process where living organisms have to fight each other for limited recourses such as light or food.
49
What is a contraceptive pill?
A pill containing female sex hormones that prevent contraception.
50
What is the coronary artery?
The artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart towards muscles.
51
What is culture medium?
A substance that contains nutrients needed for bacteria to grow.
52
What is a cuticle?
The waxy layer of a leaf that prevents water loss from the surface.
53
What is cytoplasm?
The gel like substance in which the organelles of the living thing are suspended.
54
What is to denature?
When the active site of an enzyme changes so it can no longer speed up chemical reactions.
55
What is diabetes?
A condition which prevents your body controlling sugar levels in the blood.
56
What is Dialysis?
The process of cleaning the blood through a machine when the kidneys fail to do so.
57
What is a Diaphragm?
A strong sheet of muscle that separates the thorax from the digestive organs, used to change the volume of the chest during the ventilation of the lungs.
58
What is diffusion?
The net movement of gas or a solute from an area of high concentration to that of a low concentration.
59
What is Direct contact?
A way of spreading disease by the contact of two people.
60
What is direct proportion?
A direct linear relationship through the origin of a graph.
61
What is DNA?
The material of inheritance.
62
What is Dominant (allele)?
Characteristics that will show up in offspring even if only one allele is inherited.
63
WHat is a double blind trial?
A trial where the doctor nor the patients know who is receiving the placebo or the drug.
64
What is double circulation?
The process of deoxygenated blood coming from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart and eventually to the rest of the body.
65
What is droplet infection?
Infection by where when you sneeze, cough or talk the pathogens spread.
66
What is a drug?
A chemical that causes change in the body.
67
What are effector organs.
Muscles and glands that respond from impulses from the nervous system.
68
What is an element?
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
69
What is an embryonic stem cell?
A stem cell that has the potential to form a number of specialised cells which is taken from the embryo.
70
What is to emulsify?
When something breaks down into tiny droplets to form a emulsion.
71
What is endemic?
When a certain species is specific to a certain area where it has evolved.
72
What is Environmental isolation?
Where the environment changes in a specific place where a species lives but not in others.
73
What is Epidermal tissue?
The tissue of the outer layer of an organism.
74
What is Epithelial tissue?
The tissue made up of relatively unspecialised cells that line tubes and organs of the body such as the stomach.
75
What is Eutrophication?
Where excess nutrients in water lead to very fast plant growth, when the plant dies and decomposes it takes up a lot of oxygen meaning the water can no longer sustain animal life.
76
What is exothermic?
Where heat is released from a reaction.
77
What is extinction?
The permanent loss of all members of a species.
78
What is an extremophile?
A creature that lives in an extreme environment such as high or low pressures or heat.
79
What are fatty acids?
The building blocks of lipids.
80
What is fermentation?
The reaction where enzymes in yeast turn sugar into C02 and ethanol.
81
What is fertile (soil)?
Soil which has all of the nutrients needed to sustain healthy plant life.
82
What is a fertiliser?
A substance that provides plants with the nutrients required for healthy growth.
83
What is FSH?
A female hormone that stimulates the eggs to mature in the ovaries, and the ovaries produce hormones such as oestrogen.
84
What is a gamete?
A sex cell with 24 chromosomes.
85
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA carrying genetic material.
86
What is a genetic disorder?
A disease which is inherited.
87
What is genetic material?
The DNA which caries information on making a new cell.
88
What is Geographical isolation?
When two populations become separated by a physical barrier.
89
What is glucagon?
A hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
90
What is glucose?
A simple sugar.
91
What is glycerol?
The building blocks of protein.
92
What is glycogen?
Carbohydrate store in animals including brain, liver and muscles.
93
What is gravitropism?
The response of a plant to the force of gravity controlled by an auxin.
94
What are guard cells?
Cells that guard the stomata and controls what comes in and out
95
What is haemoglobin?
The red pigment that carries oxygen around the body
96
What is a herbicide?
A chemical that kills plants
97
What is Homeostatis?
The maintenance of constant internal body conditions
98
What is hydroponics?
Where plants are grown in water enriched by mineral ions rather than water
99
What is hypothermia?
Where core body temperature falls below that of the norm
100
What is an immune response?
The response of the Immune system to cells carrying foreign antigens. It results in the production of antigens
101
What is the immune system?
The body system which recognizes and destroys foreign cells or proteins
102
What is an immunosuppressive drug?
Stops the immune system rejecting certain drugs.
103
What is an impulse?
Electrical signal carried along the neurones.
104
What is the kidney?
An organ that cleans blood and removes urea, excess salts and water
105
What is a kidney tuble?
A structure in the kidney where substances are reabsorbed back into the blood
106
What is lactic acid?
The product of anaerobic respiration. It builds up in muscles during exercise
107
What is lipase?
The enzyme that breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol.
108
What is a lipid?
An oil or fat
109
What is meiosis?
It is the two stage process of cell division that involves making the gametes for sexual reproduction.
110
What is mesophyll tissue?
The tissue where photosynthesis takes place
111
What is the metabolic rate?
The rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body particularly cellular respiration
112
What is mitochondria?
The site in which aerobic respiration takes place in a cell.
113
What is mitosis?
The process of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into another identical cell.
114
What is the motor neurone?
The neurone that carries impulses from the CNS to the effector organs
115
What is an MRSA?
A bacteria immune to antibiotics.
116
What is mutation?
A change in the genetic material of an organism.
117
What is a mycoprotein?
A fungus called fusarium that grows an reproduces rapidly to create a substitute for meat. It is high in protein and low in fats.
118
What is to inoculate?
To make someone immune to a disease by injecting them with a vaccine that stimulates the immune system into creating antibodies.
119
what is an Insoluble molecule.
Molecule that will not dissolve in a particular molecule such as water.
120
What are intercostal muscles?
Muscles between the ribs which lower and raise during breathing.
121
What is an Ion?
A charged particle produced by the loss and gain of electrons.
122
What is to be isotonic?
having the same concentration of solutes as another solution.

Biology GCSE AQA (1 decks)

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