Glossary Chap 35

Question 1

latticelike bone structure; trabecular bone

Answer 1

cancellous bone

Question 2

bone formation

Answer 2

osteogenesis

Question 3

mature bone cell

Answer 3

osteocyte

Question 4

bone-forming cell

Answer 4

osteoblast

Question 5

cartilaginous/fibrous tissue at fracture site

Answer 5

callus

Question 6

end of long bone

Answer 6

epiphysis

Question 7

shaft of long bone

Answer 7

diaphysis

Question 8

mature compact bone structures that form concentric rings of bone matrix; lamellar bone

Answer 8

lamellae

Question 9

decrease in the size of a muscle

Answer 9

atrophy

Question 10

abnormal sensation (e.g., burning, tingling, numbness)

Answer 10

paresthesia

Question 11

fibrous tissue that encloses bone ends and other joint
surfaces

Answer 11

joint capsule

Question 12

fibrous tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles

Answer 12

fascia

Question 13

limp; without muscle tone

Answer 13

flaccid

Question 14

ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils connecting bones

Answer 14

ligament

Question 15

muscle tension is increased without changing its
length; there is no associated joint motion

Answer 15

isometric contraction

Question 16

process that ensures bone maintenance through
simultaneous bone resorption and formation

Answer 16

remodeling

Question 17

the compact bone

Answer 17

cortical bone

Question 18

increase in concave curvature of the lumbar spine

Answer 18

lordosis

Question 19

excess fluid in joint

Answer 19

effusion

Question 20

fibrous connective tissue covering bone

Answer 20

periosteum

Question 21

lateral curving of the spine

Answer 21

scoliosis

Question 22

refers to a reduction in bone mass to below-normal levels

Answer 22

osteopenic

Question 23

process in which minerals (calcium) are deposited in bone matrix

Answer 23

ossification

Question 24

normal tension (resistance to stretch) in resting muscle (synonym: tonus)

Answer 24

tone

Question 25

microscopic functional bone unit

Answer 25

osteon

Question 26

involuntary twitch of muscle fibers

Answer 26

fasciculation

Question 27

enlargement; increase in the size of a muscle

Answer 27

hyperthrophy

Question 28

without tone, denervated muscle that atrophies

Answer 28

atonic

Question 29

fluid-filled sac found in connective tissue, usually in the area of joints

Answer 29

bursa

Question 30

membrane in joint that secretes lubricating fluid

Answer 30

synovium

Question 31

having greater-than-normal muscle tone

Answer 31

spastic

Question 32

area where bone ends meet; provides for motion and flexibility

Answer 32

joint

Question 33

increase in the convex curvature of the thoracic spine

Answer 33

kyphosis

Question 34

rhythmic contractions of a muscle

Answer 34

clonus

Question 35

a thin, vascular membrane covering the marrow cavity of long bones and the spaces in cancellous bone

Answer 35

endosteum

Question 36

tough, elastic, avascular tissue at ends of bone

Answer 36

cartilage

Question 37

bone resorption cell

Answer 37

osteoclast

Question 38

grating or crackling sound or sensation; may occur with movement of ends of a broken bone or irregular joint surface

Answer 38

crepitus

Question 39

abnormal shortening of muscle, joint, or both; fibrosis

Answer 39

contracture

Question 40

cord of fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

Answer 40

tendon

Question 41

removal/destruction of tissue, such as bone

Answer 41

resorption

Question 42

muscle is shortened without a change in its tension; a joint is moved as a result

Answer 42

isotonic contraction

Question 43

latticelike bone structure; cancellous bone

Answer 43

trabeculae