Glossary of Dermatological Terms Flashcards by Jen Esquinance

a localised collection of pus

abscess

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__ distribution of a dermatosis means it affects distal portions of limbs (hand, foot) and head (ears and nose)

Acral

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groups of fat cells forming yellow lobules in subcutaneous tissue

Adipose cells or lipocytes

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__ is the growth phase of the hair cycle, pointed tip and grows over several years

Anagen

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__ distribution refers to lesions grouped in a circle

Annular

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__ refers to tissue that has failed to grow

aplasia

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__ are scent glands found most profusely in armpits and groins. they become active after puberty. thick and odourless, the smell comes from the bacterial colonization

apocrine sweat glands

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epidermal ___ include eccrine glands, apocrine glands, pilosebaceous structures and nails

appendages

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what muscle originate near the basement membrane zone and attach to the hair follicle near its base, they cause erection of the hairs on exposure to cold or fear

arrector pili muscles

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__ occurs when some component of skin has shrunk

atrophy

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__ is the columnar or rectangular cells at the bottom of the epidermis from which new cells are contineously produced, scattered melanocytes are normally found in this layer

basal layer

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__ zone separates the epidermis from the dermis, its components include: selectively permeable basal cell membrane, lamina lucida containing anchoiring filaments, lamina densa and sublamina densa (bound to the dermis)

basement membrane

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__ follows a roughly linear, segmental pattern. Birthmarks appears to be distributed within these segments

Blaschko lines

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large fluid-filled blister greater than 1 cm in diameter, may be a single compartment or multiculated

bulla

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cancer made up of malignant epithelial cells

carcinoma

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short involutional phase of the hair cycle

catagen

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structual protein making up the bulk of the dermis, it is produced by fibroblasts, composed of a triple helix of strong fibers

collagen

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refers to the shape or outline of the skin lesions

configuration

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__ of the skin refers to dermis and subcutaneous tissue

connective tissue

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__ occurs when plasma exudes through an eroded epidermis and dries on the skin surface. it is rough on the surface and is yellow or brown in color.

crust

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__ is a papule or nodule that contains fluid or semi-fluid material so is fluctant

cyst

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__ cells with long finger-like processes and includes melanocytes, langerhans cells and some tissue macrophages (immune cells)

dendritic cells

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study of skin, hair and nails

dermatology

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corresponding with nerve root distribution (dermatome)

dermatomal

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another name for skin disease

dermatosis

middle connective tissue layer of skin, composed of collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, nerve and inflammatory cells in a ground substance gel

dermis

__ are the structures that stick adjacent kerationcyes tightly together, rather like cement between bricks

desmosomes

the term given to skin coming off in scales or peeling

desquamation

abnormal development of a cell or tissue

dysplasia

refers to degeneration or abnormal formation of the skin, it is often refer to nail diseases

dystrophy

bruises

ecchymoses

__ glands are found deep in the dermis, they produce sweat, a weak solution of water, salt and waste products, which is excreted into a coiled duct that opens directly onto the skin surface. most dense on palms, soles, armpits and forehead

eccrine

excessive sweating is known as

hyperhidrosis

__ is the protein making up thin elastic fibers, these are produced by fibroblasts, they return deformed skin to its resting position

elastin

outer epithelial layer of the skin, is mainly composed of keratinocytes

epidermis

__ is a tissue composed of packed cells that line a body surface internally or externally

epithelium

__ is caused by loss of the surface of a skin lesion, shallow moist or crusted lesion

erosion

__ is the name given to red skin due to increased blood supply and may be applied to any red colored dermatosis

erythema

__ occurs when a skin condition affects the whole body or nearly the whole body, which is red all over

erythroderma

dark colored adherent crust of dead tissue found on some ulcers

eschar

__ is a scratch mark or surface injury penetrating the dermis, it may be linear or a picked scratch

excoriation

picked scratch

prurigo

peeling skin

exfoliation

distribution of a dermatosis involves the extensor surfaces of limbs, outer arm and front of leg

extensor distribution

an abscess in the pulp of any digit

felon

cells found in the dermis that produce collagen, elastin, ground substance and fibronectin

fibroblasts

thread-like as in "filiform wart"

filiform

dendritic cells that present antigen to the immune system

langerhans cells

any single area of altered skin; may be solitary or multiple

lesion

mean white skin

leukoderma

caused by chronic rubbing, which results in palpably thickened skin with increased skin markings and lichenoid scale

lichenification

a skin eruption that has tight adherent scale that resembles lichen planus.

lichenoid

moist peeling skin

maceration

a smooth small area of color change, often defined as less than 1.5 cm diameter

macule (ex. freckles)

sensory cells found in the epidermis

merkel cells

a condition where one type of cell transforms into another type of cell, because of a changed environment

metaplasia

a moist lining of internal areas that open onto the skin surface; ex mouth, nose, eyes, genital tissues

mucosa

sign that is positive when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the skin's outermost layer

Nikolsky sign

an enlargment of a papule in 3 dimensions (ht., width, length); a solid lesion more than 1 cm in diameter

nodule

round (coin-shaped) lesions

nummular lesions

what are nummular lesions also known as?

discoid lesions

the upper portion of the dermis just beneath the epidermis. It is characterized by thin haphazardly arranged collagen fibers, thin elastic fibers and ground substance

papillary dermis

small raised palpable lesions less than 1 cm diameter; may be solitary or multiple

palpule

isomorphic phenomenon resulting in ulceration; ex. ulcers appearing at the sites of minor trauma such as venepuncture

pathergy

a lesion is on a stalk

pedunculated

dermatosis around the mouth

perioral

small red, purple or brown spots

petechiae

a skin condition with a bran-like powdery scale

pityriasis

a palpable flat lesion elevated above the skin surface, usually greater than 1 cm diameter.

plaque

skin with variegated appearance, usually mixed pallor, telangiectasia & pigmentation

Poikiloderma

another name for the stratum spinosum layer; so called because prominent adherence plates look spiny.

Prickle cell layer

bleeding into the skin; does NOT blanch with pressure

purpura

a collection of pus; filled with neutrophils, may be white or yellow

pustule

widespread eruption of lesions

rash

lower portion of the dermis; composed of coarse elastic fibers and thick collagen bundles parallel to the skin surface

reticular dermis

an increase in the dead cells on the surface of the skin

scaling

hardened scar-like or indurated tissue as in localized scleroderma

sclerosis

lesion in the shape of a snake or serpent

serpiginous

lesions that appear to be stuck directly onto the skin surface without a stalk

sessile

flat epithelial cells found on the skin surface.

squamous cells

horny layer of skin consisting of stacks of dead cells without nuclei make up the dry or keratinized layer

stratum corneum

the granular layer of the epidermis characterized by flattened cells filled with dark granules containing keratohyaline protein

stratum granulosum

concentric rings like a dartboard

target lesion

What is a target lesion a.k.a?

iris lesion

the name given to prominent cutaneous blood vessels that are red/purple in color

telangiectasia

resting phase of the hair cycle. hairs in this phase have a clubbed or bulbous tip and last for several months before falling out

telogen

full thickness loss of epidermis or epithelium and dermis and may involve subcutaneous tissue.

ulcer

papules or vesicles that have a central dell

umbilicated

the name given to prominent venules, blue in color and often on the lower legs

venulectasia

wart-like; thickened & scaly

verrucous

small fluid-filled blisters less than 1cm in diameter. may be single or multiple

vesicle

an edematous papule or plaque caused by swelling in the dermis; indicates urticaria

Wheal

a lamp emitting long wavelength UVA used to examine skin pigmentary changes and fluorescent infections such as cat ringworm

wood light

a thin crack within epidermis or epithelium, due to excessive dryness

fissure

distribution of dermatosis involves the flexures

flexural distribution

distribution of dermatosis refers to individual lesions arisin from hair follicles

follicular

refers to a large malignant tumor that is erupting like a mushroom or fungus

fungating

description of scale in which is in bran-like or powdery

furfuraceous

__ layer of the epidermis is characterised by flattened cells filled with dark granules containing keratohyaline protein

granular

__ tissue is a made of a mass of new capillaries and fibrous tissue in a healing wound

granulation tissue

__ a histological term referring to chronic inflammation in which there are several types of inflammatory cells including giant cells, these form in response to foreign bodies, certain infections and inflammatory skin diseases

granuloma

__ is the gel component of the dermis, contains hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate

ground substance

a rash that appears to be whirling in a circle

gyrate rash

___ has a growth phase (anagen) when the hair has a pointed tip, which lasts several years, a short involutional phase (catagen) and a resting phase with clubbed or bulbous tip (telogen) which lasts for several months

hair cycle

__ are the structures that stick basal kerationcytes tightly to the dermis via the basement membrane

hemidesmosomes

__ eruption means it looks like a herpes infection, with grouped umbilicated vesicles

herpetiform

__ layer of the epidermis consists of stacks of dead cells without nuclei make up the dry or keratinized stratum corneum

horny layer

___ or scaling is an increase in the dead cells on the surface of the skin

hyperkeratosis

__ may be due to hypermelanosis or haemosiderin deposits that result in skin color that is darker than normal

hyperpigmentation

__ is an enlargement of a tissue by an increase in cell numbers

hyperplasia

some component of the skin such as a scar is enlarged or has grown excessively

hypertrophy

__ refers to skin color that is paler than normal

hypopigmentation

__ is caused by a doctor's action, ie: a rash due to prescription of a medicine

iatrogenic

skin feels hard and thickened

induration

__ are due to interrupted blood supply and result in black areas of necrotic tissue or dry gangrene

infarcts

protein produced by keratinocytes, forming the bulk of epidermis, hair and nails

keratin

__ are the cells that make up the "brick wall" of the epidermis

keratinocytes

what are produced by keratinocytes?

keratin

__ refers to the tendency of several skin conditions to affect areas subjected to injury, linear in shape

koebner or isomorphic phenomenon

Glossary of Dermatological Terms Flashcards

(119 cards)