Glossary Of Terms Bb Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
It is a situation when hte ABO forward typing result does not agree with the result in backward typing.
A
ABO discrepancy
2
Q
It is the removal of a specific antibody from a mixture of antibodies using cels of known specificity.
A
Absorption
3
Q
It si the production of antibody after antigenic exposure or stimulation.
A
Active immunization
4
Q
These are chemical substances added to red cells to extend the shelf life up to 42 days.
A
Additives
5
Q
Adsol : Fenwal Laboratory
A
AS-1
6
Q
Nutricel : Medsep Corporation
A
AS-3
7
Q
Optisol : Terumo Corporation
A
AS-S
8
Q
It is a rare condition characterized by the absence of antibodies.
A
Agammaglobulinemia
9
Q
It is the clumping of particulate antigens with their corresponding specific antibodies. If the source of the antigen is a red cell, clumping si identified as
A
Agglutination
10
Q
It is an alternative form of a gene occupying a given locus.
A
Allele
11
Q
It is the process of collecting amniotic fluid.
A
Amniocentesis
12
Q
It is the process of collecting amniotic fluid.
A
Amniocentesis
13
Q
It is the albuminous fluid contained in an amniotic sac that provides nutrients to the developing fetus.
A
Amniotic fluid
14
Q
It is described as the “silent gene” that does not produce adetectable antigen. An example of an amorphic gene is the O gene.
A
Amorph
15
Q
tI si known as “secondary immune response,” which also refers to the production of antibodies after secondary antigenic exposure.
A
Anamnestic response
16
Q
It is a severe allergic hypersensitivity reaction brought about by an antibody against IgA seen among IgA-deficient patients exposed to IgA antibody.
A
Anaphylaxis
17
Q
It occurs before birth.
A
Antenatal
18
Q
It is also known as “immunoglobulin,” which refers to a protein substance that si secreted by plasma cels and produced ni response to antigenic stimulation.
A
Antibody
19
Q
immune antibody against foreign antigen of the same species
A
Alloantibody
20
Q
antibody against its own self-antigens
A
Autoantibody
21
Q
also known as “unexpected antibody” which refers to an antibody other than the naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B
A
Atypical antibody
22
Q
isoantibodies referred to as anti-A and anti-B
A
Naturally occurring antibody
23
Q
antibody derived from a single clone of antigen
A
Monoclonal antibody
24
Q
antibody derived from more than one antibody-producing plasma cells
A
Polyclonal antibody
25
These are reagents used to enhance or speed up antigen-antibody reactions
Antibody potentiators
26
This si used to detect immune antibodies other than hte naturally occurring ones
through the use of completely phenotyped group "O" cels.
Antibody screening test
27
It refers ot any foreign substance which, when introduced ot the body, stimulates antibody production.
Antigen
28
It describes the relative ability of a substance to illicit immune response.
Antigenic
29
It si the table of phenotyped group "O" cels showing different antigens used to screen and identify immune antibody.
Antigram
30
It is also known as "Coombs' serum." It likewise refers to a secondary antibody directed against human IgG or complement.
a. _____________- targets either human IgG or complement C3
b. _____________- targets both human IgG and complement C3
Antihuman globulin reagent (AHG)
a. Monospecific AHG
b. Polyspecific AHG
31
Also known as "Coombs' test," it refers to a method that uses antibodies directed against human globulins to aid in the detection of RBCs sensitized by IgG alloantibodies, IgG autoantibodies, and/or complement components.
a. ______________- used to detect ni vivo cel sensitization
b. ______________- used to detect in vitro cell sensitization
Antihuman globulin test (AGT)
a. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT)
b. Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)
32
It is a commercially prepared reagent containing an antibody with known specificity.
Antiserum
33
It is used to describe antigens controlled by a pair of allelic genes.
Antithetical
34
It is a method of blood collection in which the whole blood is withdrawn and processed. The machine collects the desired component, and the remainder of the blood is returned to the donor.
a. _______________ - removal of platelets
b. _______________ - removal of leukocytes
c. _______________ - removal of plasma
Apheresis
a. Plateletpheresis
b. Leukapheresis
c. Plasmapheresis
35
It is the process of antibody
removal through the use of the
patient's own antigen.
Autoabsorption
36
It is abbreviated as PS-PR (patient serum-patient red cell), which refers to testing the patient's serum for antibody against his/her own red cels. It si employed to detect autoantibodies.
Autocontrol
37
It refers to the strength of an antigen-antibody reaction as influenced by characteristic features of the antigen and antibody.
Avidity
38
These are biological substances
which pose a threat to the health of
living organisms, especially humans.
Biohazards
39
It is an antibody with reactivity occurring in two phases.
Biphasic hemolysin
40
It consists of a single bag or interconnected multiple bags with tubings used ni blood donation.
Blood bag
41
It is one of the major divisions in a hospital laboratory that provides safe blood to patients by performing blood screening, grouping, and compatibility testing.
Blood bank
42
These refer ot the different cellular and liquid compositions of blood separated by physical means.
Blood components
43
It is a contains all clotting factors; usually administered to patients with clotting factor deficiencies other than hemophilia A, Von Willebrand disease, and hypofibrinogenemia.
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
44
It is a red cel component prepared by separating the plasma from whole blood unit resulting in a hematocrit level of approximately 80%.
Packed RBC
45
It consists of platelets removed from unrefrigerated fresh whole blood and stored for transfusion.
Platelet concentrate
46
It is a platelet concentrate containing at least 5.5 × 1010 platelets obtained manualy by centrifugation.
Random platelet concentrate
47
It is a platelet concentrate containing about 3.0 × 10" platelets obtained by apheresis.
Single platelet concentrate
48
It is a concentrated coagulated Factor VI and Factor I (fibrinogen) extracted from fresh frozen plasma.
Cryoprecipitate
49
It is the blood component which includes prothrombin complexes, Factor XIII, and ractor VIl; that is most commonly indicated in trauma, liver disease, and oral anticoagulant toxicity. Factor concentrates offer a rapid and relatively easy method of improving coagulation stability without the risk of FFP transfusion, volume load, or infectious complications.
Factor concentrate
50
These are erythrocytes that are treated with a cryoprotective agent and subsequently kept in freezing temperature.
Frozen red cells
51
These are erythrocytes that are treated by a solution (containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine) which restores 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
(2,3- DPG) and ATP to at least normal levels.
Rejuvenated red cels
52
It is the application of physical means such as refrigerated centrifugation to separate the different cellular and liquid compositions of whole
blood.
a. _____________ - It is a manual blood component preparation that limits the use of blood and its components within 24 hours after exposure of the blood to open air.
b. _____________ - It si a blood component preparation that usually requires the refrigerated centrifuge. It limits the use of blood and its components to a longer period up to the expiration date due to a sterile intact blood bag system.
Blood component preparation
a. Open system
b. Closed system
53
It si afilter device attached to a blood or blood component unit and designed to retain unwanted cells, blood clots, or debris.
Blood filter
54
These are soluble antigens present ni fluids that can be used to neutralize their corresponding antibodies. Blood group systems that demonstrate BGSSs are ABO, Lewis, and P.
Blood group specific soluble substances (BGSSs)
55
It si a system of classifying blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances in red blood cells. The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) currently recognizes 30 blood group systems.
Blood group system
56
This is the test used to determine a blood group system.
Blood typing
57
It si a device used in warming blood stored at refrigerator temperature of 4°C- 6°C to body temperature before infusion.
Blood warmer
58
It is the failure of an
individual ot express inherited A or B genes because of the lack of H gene. An individual with Bombay phenotype has a potent anti-H in his/her serum. Bombay phenotype is designated as Oh.
Bombay phenotype (Oh)
59
It is the main soluble protein in the serum of the cattle that is often used as an enzymatically inert protein or a negative control.
Bovine serum albumin
60
It is the most preferred method used for crossmatching that includes three phases: immediate spin, thermophase, and AHG phase.
Broad spectrum compatibility test
61
It si a condition producing two cel populations in an individual.
Chimerism
62
It is a rare condition characterized by the difficulty of the phagocytic cels to generate superoxide radicals needed ni killing ingested pathogens. A person with this disease suffers from recurrent suppurative bacterial and fungal infections starting in early childhood.
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
63
These are substances present ni the plasma, which are involved ni the clotting process.
Coagulation factor
64
It is a sequence of three bases in a DNA strand that provides the genetic code for a specific amino
acid.
Codon
65
It is a batch of tests including ABO and Rh grouping, screening of serum for alloantibodies, and crossmatching.
Compatibility test
66
It is serologically inactive when mixed.
Compatible
67
It is a complex of plasma proteins.
Complement
68
It is the transfusion of specific components rather than whole blood to treat a patient.
Component therapy
69
These are antibody-coated cells used to confirm negative results obtained in direct and indirect antihuman globulin tests.
Coombs' control/check cells
70
These are blood-containing stem cells which are taken from the umbilical cord after childbirth.
Cord cells
71
It is a computed value used to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet transfusion.
Corrected count increment (CCI)
72
It is the process of exchanging genetic material between two homologous pairs of chromosomes.
Crossing over
73
It is the testing of the patient's blood against the donor's blood.
Crossmatch
74
These are substances that are added to erythrocytes to protect them against the harmful effects of freezing temperature.
Cryoprotective agent
75
These are hidden receptors that may be exposed when normal erythrocyte membranes are altered by bacterial or viral enzymes.
Cryptantigens
76
It si the process of removing glycerol from a unit of RBCs after thawing to return them to normal osmolality.
Deglycerolization
77
These aer frozen red cels whose glycerol has been removed by several washings.
Deglycerolized red cels
78
It is a plasma expander that may be used as a substitute for plasma.
Dextran
79
It is a genetic marker present in the child but absent in the mother and the alleged father.
Direct exclusion
80
It is a sulfhydryl compound used to break down disulfide bonds of IgM.
Dithiotreitol (DTT)
81
a cryoprotectant used for hematopoietic progenitor cells.
DMSO - It refers to dimethyl sulfoxide
82
It is a biphasic IgG specifically directed to anti-P found in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH).
Donath-Landsteiner antibody
83
It is the process of giving blood to a recipient.
Donation
84
This refers to an individual who gives blood in a blood donation.
Donor
85
It is a phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts more strongly with red blood cells showing double dose of antigens than those with single dose.
Dosage
86
It is a coloring substance
Dye
87
It is the product of deliberate manipulation of a red cel suspension to break an immune complex with subsequent release of hte antibody into hte surrounding
medium.
Eluate
88
It is a process whereby cells that are coated with antibodies are treated in such a manner as to disrupt the bonds between the antigen and antibody.
Elution
89
It is a substance capable of catalyzing a reaction.
Enzyme
90
It is an immunologic incompatibility between the mother and the fetus that can produce severe or fatal consequences to the unborn or newborn infant due to the destruction of RBCs; it is also known as "hydrops fetalis" or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).
Erythroblastosis fetalis
91
It refers to the replacement of an
infant's coated RBCs with donor blood until one or two total blood volumes are accomplished.
Exchange transfusion
92
It refers to the activity ni which a person is likely to get a foreign substance; in
blood bank practice, it refers to exposure either through blood transfusion or pregnancy.
Exposure
93
It is a transfusion reaction caused by leukoagglutinins characterized by fever.
Febrile reaction
94
It refers ot the transplacental passage of
fetal blood into hte circulation of the maternal organism.
Fetomaternal hemorrhage
95
It is a filamentous clot formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.
Fibrin
96
It si also referred to as "plasmin," a substance that has the ability to dissolve fibrin
Fibrinolysin
97
It is the process of dissolving fibrin due to the action of fibrinolysin.
Fibrinolysis
98
It si atype of large glycoprotein found on the surface of cels which mediates cellular adhesion.
Fibronectin
99
It is one of the five types of immunoglobulin known to be involved in immunity; produced
during the second immune response.
Gamma globulin
100
The unit of inheritance within a chromosome.
Gene
101
It is the specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located.
Gene locus
102
It is a person's actual genetic make-up.
Genotype
103
It si the genetic state of having two
similar genes for the same trait.
Homozygous
104
It is the genetic state of having two dissimilar
genes for the same trait.
Heterozygous
105
It is a cryoprotective agent.
Glycerol
106
It si the process of adding glycerol to a red blood of erythrocytes while freezing.
Glycerolization
107
It is a carbohydrate-attached lipid.
Glycolipid
108
It is any of several related proteins that can project through the thickness of the cel membrane of erythrocytes.
Glycophorin
109
It si a molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein.
Glycoproteins
110
It si a sphingolipid containing the sugar glucose or galactose.
Glycosphingolipid
111
It is an enzyme needed to attach a specific sugar molecule to a predetermined acceptor molecule.
Glycosyltransferase
112
It is an intense and frequently fatal immunologic reaction of engrafted cels against the host caused by the infusion of immunocompetent lymphocytes into individuals with impaired immunity.
Graft vs. Host disease (GHD)
113
It is a condition characterized by markedly decreased leukocytes ni the blood.
Granulocytopenia
114
It is a group of genes that are close on the chromosome and inherited together by an individual.
Haplotype
115
It si a very small substance to stimulate antibody production without attaching to a larger molecule
Hapten
116
It si a plasma protein which binds ot hemoglobin following intravascular hemolysis.
Haptoglobin
117
It refers to an increase ni the volume of blood plasma resulting in a reduced concentration of red blood cells.
Hemodilution
118
It is the destruction of red blood cells with subsequent release of hemoglobin.
Hemolysis
119
It is a severe condition characterized by low RBC count resulting from the destruction of circulating erythrocytes.
Hemolytic anemia
