Glossary of Terms (P2)

Question 1

acute overload

Answer 1

an ‘average’ training load

Question 2

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 2

high-energy compound which the body derives its energy

Question 3

adrenaline / epinephrine

Answer 3

chemical compound that serves as a neurotransmitter

Question 4

anabolic steroids

Answer 4

drug with growth stimulating characteristics - increases body size, muscle mass and strength

Question 5

anaerobic metablosim

Answer 5

production of energy (ATP) in the absence of oxygen

Question 6

aerobic vs. anaerobic training

Answer 6

long, cardio endurance vs. short, high-intensity endurance

Question 7

arteries

Answer 7

blood vessels that transport blood AWAY from the heart

Question 8

arterioles

Answer 8

smallest arteries that transport blood from larger arteries to the capillaries

Question 9

atrophy

Answer 9

loss of size, or mass of body tissue

Question 10

barometric pressure

Answer 10

total pressure exerted by the atmosphere at a given altitude

Question 11

capillaries

Answer 11

smallest vessels transporting blood from the heart to the tissues and sites of exchange between the blood and tissue

Question 12

cardiac output (Q)

Answer 12

volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute

Q = heart rate x stroke volume

Question 13

cardiovascular drift

Answer 13

increase in heart rate during exercise to compensate for a decrease in stroke volume - helps maintain constant cardiac output

Question 14

catabolism

Answer 14

tearing down of body tissue - destructive phase of metabolism

Question 15

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 15

system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

chronis adaptation

Answer 16

physiological change that occurs when the body is exposed to repeated exercise bouts over weeks or month - improves body’s efficiency at rest and during exercise

Question 17

chronic hyertrophy

Answer 17

increase in muscle size that results from repeated long-term resistance training