Glossary Terms Flashcards
(138 cards)
Accredited investor
As defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D, any institution or individual meeting minimum net worth requirements for the purchase of securities qualifying under Regulation D registration exemption. An individual accredited investor is generally accepted to be one who, individually or with a spouse, has a net worth, excluding the net equity in the primary residence, of $1 million or more, or has had an annual income of $200,00 or more in each of the two most recent years (or 300,000 jointly with a spouse), and who has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year.
Accumulation stage
The period during which contributions are made to an annuity account.
Accumulation unit
An accounting measure used to determine an annuitant’s proportionate interest in the insurer’s separate account during an annuity’s accumulation (deposit) stage.
Active Management Style
Unlike passive style, analysts believe they can identify industries that are undervalued or over valued in order to weight them appropriately and achieve returns in excess of the market. Some managers engage in sector rotation, which is overweighting or underwieghting industries based on the current phase of the business cycle.
Adjusted basis
The value attributed to an asset or security that reflects any deduction taken on, or capital improvements to, the asset or security. Adjusted basis is used to compute the gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of the asset or security.
Adjusted gross income (AGI)
Gross income from all sources minus certain adjustments to income, such as deductible contribution to an ITA and net capital losses. It is basically the amount of income that will be subject to tax.
Administrator
An official or agency that administers a state’s securities laws.
Adoption
A social media term meaning that a securities firm links to a third-party site and indicates that it endorses the content on the site.
Advertisement
Any notive, circular, letter, or other writted communication addressed to more than one person, or any notice or other announcement in any publication or by radio or television, that offers (1) any analysis, report, or publication concerning securities, or that is to be used in making any determination as to when to buy or sell any security, or which security to buy or sell; or (2) any graph, chart, formula, or other device to be used in making any determination as to when to buy or sell a security, or which security to buy or sell; or (3) any other investment advisory service with regard to securities
Agency Cross Transaction
For an advisory client, a transaction in which a person acts as an investment adviser in relation to a transition in which that investment adviser, or any person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with that investment adviser, acts as broker for both an advisory client and for another person on the other side of the transaction.
Agency Issue
A debt security issued by an authorized agency of the federal government. Such an issue is backed by the issuing agency itself, not by the full faith and credit of the US government (except GNMA issues).
Agency Transaction
A transaction in which a broker-dealer acts for the accounts of others by buying or selling securities on behalf of customers. ( Syn: agency basis, principal transactions)
Agent
(1) An individual who affects securities transactions for the accounts of others. (2) Under the state law, a securities sales person who represents a broker-dealer or an issuer when selling or trying to sell securities to the investing public; this individual is considered an agent whether he actually received or simply solicits orders.
Aggressive Investment Strategy
A method of portfolio allocaton and mangement aimed a achieving maximum return. Aggressive investors place a high percentage of their investible assets in equity securities and a far lower percentage in safer debt securities and cash equivalents, and they pursue aggressive policies including margin trading, arbitrage, and option trading.
Algorithmic trading
Computerized trading using propietary algorithms. There are two types of algorithmic trading. Execution trading is when an order (often a large order) is executed via an algorithmic trade. The program is designed to get the best possible price. It may split the wider into smaller pieces and execute at different times. The second type is not executing a set order but looking for small trading opportunities in the market. It is estimated that more that 50% of stock trading volume in the United States is currently being driven by algorithmic trading. AKA high frequency trading.
All or non order (AON)
An order that instructs the floor broker to execute the entire order in one transaction; if the order cannot be executed in its entirety, it is allowed to expire.
Alpha
The risk-adjusted returns that a portflio manager generates in excess of the risk adjusted returns expected by CAPM.
Alternative Minimum Tax
An alternative tax computation that adds certain tax preference items back into adjusted gross income. If the AMT is higher than the regular tax liability for the year, the regular tax and the amount by which the AMT exceeds the regular tax are paid.
American depositary reciept (ADR)
A negotiable certificate representing a given number of shares in a foreign corporation. It is issued by a domestic bank. ADRs are bought and sold in the American securities markets, and are traded in English and US dollars.
Anti-dilutive covenant
A protective clause found in most convertable issues (preferred stock or debentures) that adjusted the conversion rate for stock splits and/or stock dividends. This ensures that the holder of the convertible will not suffer a dilution in value.
Appreciation
The increase in an assets value
Arbitrage
A legal strategy that generates a gaurenteed profit from a transaction. A common form of arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same security in different markets at different prices to lock in profit. This is not considered market manipulation.
Ask
An indication by a trader or dealer f a willingness to sell a security or commodity; the price at which an investor can buy from a broker dealer.
Assessable Stock
A stock that is issued below its par or stated value. The issuer and/or creditors have the right to asses the shareholder for the deficiency. All stock issued today is nonassessable.