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IT SUpport > Glossary terms from course 1, module 2 > Flashcards

Glossary terms from course 1, module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is an address bus?

A

Connects the CPU to the MCC and sends over the location of the data, but not the data itself.

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3
Q

What does ATA stand for?

A

The most common interface that hard drives use to connect to our system.

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4
Q

What is ATX?

A

The most common form factor for motherboards.

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5
Q

What does backward compatible mean?

A

It means older hardware works with newer hardware.

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6
Q

What is BIOS?

A

Software that helps initialize the hardware in our computer and gets our operating system up and running.

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7
Q

What does BYOD stand for?

A

Bring Your Own Device; refers to the practice of allowing people to use their own personal devices for work.

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8
Q

What is cache?

A

The assigned stored location for recently or frequently accessed data.

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9
Q

What is a charge cycle?

A

One full charge and discharge of a battery.

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10
Q

What is a chipset?

A

It decides how components talk to each other on our machine.

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11
Q

What is a clock cycle?

A

When you send a voltage to the clock wire.

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12
Q

What is clock speed?

A

The maximum number of clock cycles that it can handle in a set time period.

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13
Q

What is a CPU?

A

Central processing unit.

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14
Q

What are CPU sockets?

A

A series of pins that connect a CPU’s processor to the PC’s motherboard.

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15
Q

What are data sizes?

A

Metrics that refer to data sizes including bit, byte, kilobyte, kibibyte, and megabyte.

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16
Q

What is DDR SDRAM?

A

A type of RAM that is faster, takes up less power, and has a larger capacity than earlier SDRAM versions.

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17
Q

What is a desktop?

A

The main screen where we can navigate our files, folders, and applications.

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18
Q

What does DIMM stand for?

A

Dual Inline Memory Module.

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19
Q

What is a display port?

A

Port which also outputs audio and video.

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20
Q

What is DRAM?

A

Dynamic Random Access Memory.

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21
Q

What are drivers?

A

Instructions our CPU needs to understand external devices like keyboards, webcams, printers.

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22
Q

What does DVI stand for?

A

DVI cables generally just output video.

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23
Q

What is electrostatic discharge?

A

A sudden and momentary flow of electric current between two electrically charged objects.

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24
Q

What is an External Data Bus (EDB)?

A

A row of wires that interconnect the parts of our computer.

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25
What is a factory reset?
Resetting a device to the settings it came with from the factory.
26
What is form factor?
A mathematical way to compensate for irregularities in the shape of an object.
27
What is a hard drive?
A long term memory component that holds all of our data.
28
What is hardware?
External or internal devices and equipment that help you perform major functions.
29
What does HDD stand for?
Hard disk drives, or HDDs, use a spinning platter and a mechanical arm to read and write information.
30
What does HDMI stand for?
A type of cable that outputs both video and audio.
31
What is a heatsink?
Used to dissipate heat from our CPU.
32
What is an instruction set?
A list of instructions that our CPU is able to run.
33
What does ITX stand for?
A form factor for motherboards that is much smaller than ATX boards.
34
What is a Land Grid Array (LGA)?
A type of CPU socket that sticks out of the motherboard.
35
What is a lightning adaptor?
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
36
What does Mb/s stand for?
Megabit per second, a unit of data transfer rate.
37
What is a memory controller chip (MCC)?
A bridge between the CPU and the RAM.
38
What is a micro display port?
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
39
What is a micro HDMI?
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
40
What is a micro USB?
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
41
What is a mini HDMI?
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
42
What is a mini USB?
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
43
What is a motherboard?
The body or circulatory system of the computer that connects all the pieces together.
44
What is northbridge?
Interconnects components like RAM and video cards.
45
What does NVMe stand for?
NVM Express; an interface standard which allows greater throughput of data.
46
What is overclocking?
It increases the rate of your CPU clock cycles in order to perform more tasks.
47
What is PCI Express?
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express.
48
What are peripherals?
External devices which we connect to our computer that add functionality.
49
What is a Pin Grid Array (PGA)?
CPU socket where the pins are located on the processor itself.
50
What are ports?
Connection points that we can connect devices to that extend the functionality of our computer.
51
What is POST?
Power On Self Test; it figures out what hardware is on the computer.
52
What is a power supply?
Converts electricity from our wall outlet into a format that our computer can use.
53
What are programs?
Basic instructions that tell the computer what to do.
54
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory.
55
What are registers?
An accessible location for storing the data that our CPU works with.
56
What is reimaging?
The process of wiping and reinstalling an operating system using a disk image.
57
What does RMA stand for?
Return merchandise authorization; the process of receiving returned merchandise and authorizing a refund.
58
What is a ROM chip?
A read-only memory chip where the BIOS is stored.
59
What does RPM stand for?
Revolutions per minute.
60
What is a safe operating temperature?
The temperature range in which rechargeable batteries must be kept to avoid damage.
61
What does SATA stand for?
The most popular serial ATA drive, which uses one cable for data transfers.
62
What does SDRAM stand for?
Synchronous DRAM; this type of RAM is synchronized to our system's clock speed.
63
What does SOC stand for?
System On a Chip; packs the CPU, RAM, and sometimes even the storage onto a single chip.
64
What is southbridge?
It maintains our IO or input/output controllers.
65
What does SSD stand for?
Solid State Drive.
66
What are standoffs?
Used to raise and attach your motherboard to the case.
67
What is thermal paste?
A substance used to better connect our CPU and heat sink.
68
What is a Type-C connector?
A type of USB connector meant to replace many peripheral connections.
69
What does UEFI stand for?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface.
70
What does USB stand for?
Universal Serial Bus; a connection standard for connecting peripherals.
71
What is a USB-C adapter?
One of the standard power, data and display connector types used in mobile devices.
72
What is abstraction?
To take a relatively complex system and simplify it for our use.
73
What is an algorithm?
A series of steps that solves specific problems.
74
What does ASCII stand for?
The oldest character encoding standard used, representing the English alphabet, digits, and punctuation marks.
75
What is the binary system?
The communication that a computer uses, also known as the base-2 numeral system.
76
What is a byte?
A group of 8 bits.
77
What is character encoding?
Used to assign binary values to characters for human readability.
78
What is a computer?
A device that stores and processes data by performing calculations.
79
What is cryptography?
The overarching discipline that covers the practice of coding and hiding messages from third parties.
80
What is decimal form?
Base 10 system; there are 10 possible numbers ranging from zero to nine.
81
What is the digital divide?
The growing skills gap between people with and without digital literacy skills.
82
What is information technology?
The use of digital technology to store and process data into useful information.
83
What is Linux OS?
One of the largest open source operating systems used heavily in business infrastructure.
84
What are logic gates?
Allow transistors to perform complex tasks, like deciding where to send electrical signals.
85
What does open source mean?
Developers allow others to share, modify, and distribute their software for free.
86
What does PDA stand for?
Personal Digital Assistant; allows computing to go mobile.
87
What are punch cards?
A sequence of cards with holes used to automatically perform calculations.
88
What is the RGB model?
The basic model of representing colors using red, green, and blue.
89
What does UTF-8 stand for?
The most prevalent encoding standard used today.

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