Glossary words

Question 1

Acupuncture

Answer 1

a system of complementary medicine that involves pricking the skin or tissues with needles, used to alleviate pain and to treat various physical, mental, and emotional conditions. Originating in ancient China, acupuncture is now widely practiced in the West.
Access the qi through specific points along the energy meridians of the body

Question 2

Analgesic

Answer 2

relieving pain; drug that relieves pain

Question 3

Endorphins

Answer 3

Hormones that act on the mind such as morphine and opiates and produce a sense of well-being and reducing pain.

Question 4

Acute Pain

Answer 4

Pain that follows acute injury, disease, or surgical intervention and had a rapid onset; varies in intensity and lasts for a brief time, usually less than 6 months

Question 5

Chronic Pain

Answer 5

A pain that persists beyond the period of healing (usually over 6 months), ceases to serve a protective function, degrades patient function, and has no adaptive purpose.

Question 6

Cordotomy

Answer 6

Cordotomy is a surgical procedure that disables selected pain-conducting tracts in the spinal cord, in order to achieve loss of pain and temperature perception. …

Question 7

Counterirritant

Answer 7

something such as heat or an ointment that is used to produce surface irritation of the skin, thereby counteracting underlying pain or discomfort.

Question 8

Cutaneous stimulation

Answer 8

a nursing intervention from the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) defined as stimulation of the skin and underlying tissues for the purpose of decreasing undesirable signs and symptoms such as pain, muscle spasm, or inflammation

Question 9

Enkephalins

Answer 9

either of two compounds that occur naturally in the brain. They are peptides related to the endorphins, with similar physiological effects.

Question 10

Guided imagery

Answer 10

Method of pain control in which the patient creates a mental image, concentrates in that image, and gradually becomes less aware of pain.

Question 11

Hypnosis

Answer 11

the induction of a state of consciousness in which a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestion or direction. Its use in therapy, typically to recover suppressed memories or to allow modification of behavior by suggestion, has been revived but is still controversial.

Question 12

Intractable pain

Answer 12

Intense, usually chronic and unremitting, pain for which no accepted medical intervention has provided relief

Question 13

Local anesthesia

Answer 13

A loss of sensation at the desired site of action

Question 14

Narcotic

Answer 14

A drug substance, either derived from opium or produced synthetically, that alters perception of pain and that with repeated use may result in physical and psychological dependence

Question 15

Nerve block

Answer 15

the production of insensibility in a part of the body by injecting an anesthetic close to the nerves that supply it.

Question 16

Neurectomy

Answer 16

surgical removal of all or part of a nerve.

Question 17

Neurotransmitters

Answer 17

A chemical that transfers an electrical impulse from the nerve fiber to the muscle fiber

Question 18

Pain

Answer 18

Subjective, unpleasant sensation caused by noxious stimulation of sensory nerve endings

Question 19

Patient controlled analgesia PCA

Answer 19

Patient-controlled analgesia is any method of allowing a person in pain to administer their own pain relief. The infusion is programmable by the prescriber. If it is programmed and functioning as intended, the machine is unlikely to deliver an overdose of medication.

Question 20

Perception

Answer 20

Peoples mental image or concept of elements in their environment, including information gained through the senses

Question 21

Phantom Pain

Answer 21

Phantom pain sensations are described as perceptions that an individual experiences relating to a limb or an organ that is not physically part of the body. Limb loss is a result of either removal by amputation or congenital limb deficiency.

Question 22

Placebo

Answer 22

Dosage form that contains no pharmacologically active ingredients but may relieve pain through psychological effects

Question 23

Radiating pain

Answer 23

Pain spreading from a focus or point of origin. Example: pain in the back can also spread/radiate into the legs.

Question 24

Reaction

Answer 24

Component of the pain experiences that may include both physiological responses such as in the general adaptation syndrome and behavioral responses

Question 25

Reception

Answer 25

Neurophysiological components of the pain experience in which nervous system receptors receive painful stimuli and transmit them through peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and brain

Question 26

Referred Pain

Answer 26

pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source.

Question 27

Relaxation

Answer 27

Act of being relaxed or less tense

Question 28

Remission

Answer 28

Partial or complete disappearances of the clinical and subjective characteristics of chronic or malignant disease; remission may be spontaneous or the result of therapy

Question 29

Rhizatomy

Answer 29

surgical procedure in which spinal nerve roots are cut; done (anterior roots) to relieve intractable pain or (posterior roots) to stop severe muscle spasms

Question 30

Somatic pain

Answer 30

Pain arising from tissues such as skin, muscle, tendon, joint capsules, fasciae, and bone.

Question 31

Sympathectomy

Answer 31

he surgical cutting of a sympathetic nerve or removal of a ganglion to relieve a condition affected by its stimulation.

Question 32

Threshold

Answer 32

Point at which a person first perceives a painful stimulus as being painful

Question 33

Tolerance

Answer 33

Point at which a person is not willing to accept pain of greater severity or duration

Question 34

(TENS) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Answer 34

Technique in which a battery-powered device blocks pain impulses from reaching the spinal cord by delivering weak electrical impulses directly to the surface of the skin

Question 35

Visceral pain

Answer 35

Visceral pain is pain that results from the the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal viscera

Question 36

Acculturation

Answer 36

Process of adapting to and adopting a new culture

Question 37

Assimilation

Answer 37

To become absorbed into another culture and adopt its characteristics

Question 38

Cultural care accommodation or negotiation

Answer 38

Adapting or negotiating with the patient/families to achieve beneficial or satisfying health outcomes

Question 39

Cultural care preservation or maintenance

Answer 39

Retaining and/or preserving relevant care values so patients are able to maintain their well-being, recover form illness, or face handicaps and/or death

Question 40

Cultural care repatterning or restructuring

Answer 40

Reordering, changing, or greatly modifying a patients/family's customs for a new, different, and beneficial health care pattern

Question 41

Cultural pain

Answer 41

Feeling that a patient has after a health care worker disregards the patient's valued way of life

Question 42

Culturally congruent care

Answer 42

Care that fits people's valued life patterns and sets of meanings generated from the people themselves. Sometimes this differs from the professionals' perspective on care

Question 43

Culture

Answer 43

Integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions or racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups.

Question 44

Culture-bound syndrome

Answer 44

Illnesses restricted to a particular culture or group because of its psychosocial characteristics

Question 45

Enculturation

Answer 45

Socialization into ones primary culture as a child

Question 46

Ethnicity

Answer 46

Shared identity to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics

Question 47

Ethnocentrism

Answer 47

Tendency to hold one's own way of life as superior to that of others

Question 48

Ethnohistory

Answer 48

The branch of anthropology concerned with the history of people and cultures esp. Non- western ones

Question 49

Internalizing system

Answer 49

Are found in modern societies with highly scientific and technological capacities to examine biological causes of health and illness Ex) western biomedical system

Question 50

Invisible culture

Answer 50

Less observable | Values, morals, beliefs

Question 51

Naturalistic practitioners

Answer 51

Western culture Attribute illness to natural, impersonal and biological forces that cause alteration in the equilibrium of the human body * healing emphasizes naturalistic modalities such as chemicals, heat, cold, massage, surgery

Question 52

Personalistic practitioners

Answer 52

Non–western culture Believe that health and illness can be caused by the active influence of an external agent which can be human (sorcerer) or nonhuman ( God-devil)

Question 53

Rites of passage

Answer 53

a ceremony or event marking an important stage in someone's life, esp. birth, puberty, marriage, and death.

Question 54

Subcultures

Answer 54

Various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics from the dominant culture

Question 55

Transcultural nursing

Answer 55

Distinct discipline developed by Leininger that focuses on the comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences among groups of people

Question 56

Visible culture

Answer 56

Easily seen or observed | Ex) customs, rituals, language, appearance

Question 57

Algor Mortis

Answer 57

Algor mortis is the reduction in body temperature following death. This is generally a steady decline until matching ambient temperature, although external factors can have a significant influence.

Question 58

Anticipatory grief

Answer 58

Grief reponse in which the person begins the grieving process before an actual loss

Question 59

Autopsy

Answer 59

a postmortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease

Question 60

Bereavement

Answer 60

Response to loss through death; subjective experience that a person suffers after losing a person with whom there has been a significant relationship

Question 61

Cerebral Death

Answer 61

death when respiration and other reflexes are absent; consciousness is gone; organs can be removed for transplantation before the heartbeat stops

Question 62

Cremate

Answer 62

To incinerate (a corpse).

Question 63

Death

Answer 63

the act of dying; the end of life; the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions of an organism. Compare brain death.

Question 64

Dignity

Answer 64

the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect.

Question 65

Embalm

Answer 65

preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices and now usually by arterial injection of a preservative.

Question 66

Grief

Answer 66

deep sorrow, esp. that caused by someone's death.

Question 67

Grieving process

Answer 67

"five stages of grief", is a hypothesis introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross[1] and says that when a person is faced with the reality of impending death or other extreme, awful fate, he or she will experience a series of emotional stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.

Question 68

Hospice

Answer 68

System of family-centered care designed to help terminally ill people be comfortable and maintain a satisfactory lifestyle throughout the terminal phase of their illness

Question 69

Inhibited grief

Answer 69

Inhibited Grief is a form of unresolved grief where the bereaved person displays no outward signs of normal mourning

Question 70

Livor mortis

Answer 70

livor—"bluish color," mortis—"of death"), Livor mortis is a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body, causing a purplish red discoloration of the skin. When the heart stops functioning and is no longer agitating the blood, heavy red blood cells sink through the serum by action of gravity. Livor mortis starts twenty minutes to three hours after death and is congealed in the capillaries in four to five hours. Maximum lividity occurs within 6–12 hours

Question 71

Loss

Answer 71

The absence of an object, person, body part or function, emotion or idea that was formally present.

Question 72

Mortician

Answer 72

an undertaker | a person whose job is to prepare dead people to be buried and to arrange and manage funerals

Question 73

Mourning

Answer 73

process of grieving

Question 74

Palliative

Answer 74

of a treatment or medicine) relieving pain or alleviating a problem without dealing with the underlying cause.

Question 75

Perceived loss

Answer 75

Loss that is less obvious to the individual experiencing it. Although easily overlooked or misunderstood, a perceived loss results in the same grief process as ab actual loss

Question 76

Postmortem

Answer 76

an examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.

Question 77

Rigor mortis

Answer 77

stiffening of the joints and muscles of a body a few hours after death, usually lasting from one to four days. Origin

Question 78

Shroud

Answer 78

a length of cloth or an enveloping garment in which a dead person is wrapped for burial.

Question 79

Contralateral stimulation

Answer 79

Opposite side