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NUTR 302 (Test #1) > Gluconeogenisis > Flashcards

Gluconeogenisis Flashcards

1
Q

Where & when does gluconeogenisis occur?

A

Occurs mainly in the liver and kidney in both the cytosol and mitochondria, and usually during fasted states.

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2
Q

Can skeletal muscle perform gluconeogenesis & why?

A

No, due to the absence of Glucose-6-Phosphatase

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3
Q

What would be a good way of conceptualizing gluconeogenesis with regard to glycolysis?

A

Basically glycolysis in reverse with the exception of 3 irreversible steps that have alternate pathways in gluconeogenisis.

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4
Q

What is the first step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Converting Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate

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5
Q

What enzyme converts Pyruvate into Oxaloacetate?

A

Pyruvate Carboxylase

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6
Q

How is Pyruvate converted into Oxaloacetate?

A

Shuttled into the Mitochondria through specific carrier proteins, then interacts with CO2, ATP, and the gluconeogenic enzyme: pyruvate caboxylase to become Oxaloacetate.

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7
Q

Within the first step of gluconeogenesis, Oxaloacetate is further converted into what?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

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8
Q

Where does Oxaloacetate interact with Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase?

A

In the Cytoplasm.

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9
Q

What enzyme converts Oxaloacetate into Phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase

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10
Q

When the enzyme Phosphoenolpyruvate reacts with Oxaloacetate, what acts as the electron donor & what is liberated from the reaction?

A

GTP acts as the electron donor

CO2 is liberated back.

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11
Q

What is the second step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Converting Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate into Fructose-6-Phosphate

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12
Q

How is Phosphoenolpyruvate able to convert into Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate?

A

It is a reversible reaction of glycolysis.

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13
Q

What enzyme converts Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate into Fructose-6-Phosphate?

A

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase

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14
Q

What is the third step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Converting Glucose-6-Phosphate into Glucose.

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15
Q

What enzyme is converts Glucose-6-Phosphate into Glucose?

A

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

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16
Q

Phosphatase enzymes do what?

A

They are the enzymes that break the phosphate bond.

17
Q

What is the rate limiting step of gluconeogenisis?

A

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate

18
Q

What is Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase activated by?

A

Citrate

19
Q

What is Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase inhibited by?

A

AMP & Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate

20
Q

What activates Pyruvate Carboxylase?

A

Acetyl CoA

21
Q

What is the “big picture” regulator of gluconeogenisis & why?

A

Glucagon

Glycolysis happens in response to insulin < > Glucagon inhibits glycolysis & promotes gluconeogenisis.

22
Q

What is an acronym to remember the metabolic steps specific to gluconeogenesis?

A

P
O
P
F
F
G
G

23
Q

What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?

A

Glucagon

NUTR 302 (Test #1) (7 decks)

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